10. Which of the following does not require protein enzymes?
(A) RNA editing
(B) excision of group II introns
(C) transsplicing
(D) excision of group III introns

11. RNA molecules that exhibit catalytic activity are called (A) microRNAS (B) ribonucleases (C) ribosomes (D) ribozymes (E) ribonucleotides

12. True statements about retrotransposons include which of the following? I. They replicate through the RNA intermediate. II. They utilize reverse transcriptase for replication. III. They may contain introns. (A) I only (B) III only (C) I and III only (D) II and III only (E) I, II and III

13. Which of the following is true about a circular double-stranded DNA genome that is determined by chemical means to be 21 percent adenosine? (A) The genome is 10.5% guanosine. (B) The genome is 21% guanosine. (C) The genome is 29% guanosine. (D) The genome is 58% guanosine. (E) The base percent composition of guanosine in the genome cannot be determined from the information given.

14. Common lesions found in DNA after exposure to ultraviolet light are (A) pyrimidine dimers (B) single strand breaks (C) base deletions (D) purine dimers (E) transpositions

15. All of the following components of a retrovirus are encoded by the viral genome EXCEPT (A) matrix proteins (B) viral RNAS (C) capsid proteins (D) envelope lipids

複選題16. Some viruses have increased the coding potential of their genome by (A) integrating into the host genome (B) using host ribosomes for translation (C) using alternative splicing sites (D) using a degenerative triplet code (E) covalently linking a protein to the genome

17. Which of the following is most likely to lead to a loss of gene function? (A) A missense mutation in the open reading frame (B) A change from a TAA codon to a TAG codon in the coding region (C) A change from T to C in the promoter region (D) A frameshift mutation in the coding region (E) A sequence change in the 3' untranslated region

複選題18. DNA polymerase contains a lysine residue that is important for binding to DNA. Mutations were found that converted this lysine to either aspartate, glutamate, glycine, valine, glutamine, or arginine. Which mutations would be predicted to be the most and least harmful to the ability of the enzyme to bind DNA?

19. The recognition site of the restriction endonuclease Aval is CPyCGPUG, where Py is any pyrimidine and Pu is any purine. What is the expected average distance, in nucleotide pairs, between Aval cleavage sites in a random DNA sequence? (A) 4,096 (B) 1,024 (C) 682 (D) 64 (E) 6

20. Transcription of gene X is controlled by transcription factor A. Gene X is only transcribed when factor A is phosphorylated. Data on the tissue distribution of factor A and the activities of a protein kinase and a protein phosphatase specific for factor A are presented in the table below.Of these three tissues, gene X will be transcribed in (A) muscle only (B) heart only (C) brain only (D) brain and heart only (E) muscle, heart, and brain

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