13. Which of the following processes reduces the size of a tadpole's tail during metamorphosis?
(A) regeneration
(B) apoptosis
(C) oxidative phosphorylation
(D) redifferentiation

14. Researchers were investigating the effects of bicoid in fruit fly development. The gene bicoid controls normal development of anterior structures in flies. In one experiment, they took a normally developing embryo and injected bicoid mRNA into the posterior end of the embryo. What result would they most likely observe? (A) The embryo would develop with a normal anterior end and anterior structures on the posterior end. (B) The embryo would develop with a normal posterior end and posterior structures on the anterior end. (C) The embryo would develop with anterior structures on the posterior end and posterior structures on the anterior end. (D) The embryo would develop with a normal anterior end and a normal posterior end.

15. Which of the following best represents the actions of photoautotrophs? (A) produce oxygen and use carbon dioxide (B) produce, and use, both oxygen and carbon dioxide (C) produce thermal energy to be used by other organisms (D) convert chemical energy to solar energy

16. Which of the following sequences is most likely to be cut by a restriction endonuclease? (A) 5'-AATTCT-3' / 3'-TTAAGA-5' (B) 5'-AATATT-3' / 3'-TTATAA-5' (C) 5'-AAAATT-3' / 3'-TTTTAA-5' (D) 5'-ACTACT-3' / 3'-TGATGA-5'

17. A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5'-AGT-3'. What would be the corresponding codon for the mRNA that is transcribed? (A) 3'-UCA-5' (B) 3'-ACU-5' (C) 5'-AGT-3' (D) 5'-UCA-3'

18. The half-life of carbon-14 is about 5,730 years. A fossil that has 1/16 of the normal proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 should be about how many years old? (A) 2,800 (B) 11,200 (C) 16,800 (D) 22,900

19. As you study two closely related predatory insect species, the two-spot and the three-spot avenger beetles, you notice that each species seeks prey at night when present in an area where the other beetle species is absent. However, where their ranges overlap, the two-spot avenger beetle hunts at night and the three-spot hunts in the morning. When you bring them into the laboratory and isolate the two different species, you discover that the offspring of both species are nocturnal. The observations above indicate that the two species most likely demonstrate which of following ecological processes? You have discovered an example of ______. (A) mutualism (B) character displacement (C) Batesian mimicry (D) resource partitioning

20. A newly discovered unicellular organism isolated from acidic mine drainage has a cell wall, a plasma membrane, two flagella, and peroxisomes. Based on this information only, the organism is most likely to be _______. (A) a nonmotile prokaryote (B) a motile bacterium (C) a motile archaea (D) a motile eukaryote

1. Because their immune systems are weaker, young infants are much more ______ to common infections than healthy adults are. (A) sterling (B) susceptible (C) valiant (D) unamiable

2. The earthquake was devastating, resulting in thousands of ______ and leaving many homeless. (A) deteriorations (B) decrees (C) facets (D) casualties

3. The bank manager was arrested after it was discovered he had committed serious financial ______ by stealing from customer accounts. (A) treason (B) rectitude (C) fraud (D) prank

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