15. Metformin is the first-line medication for treating type 2 diabetes. Its conjugate acid has a $\mathsf{pK}_{\mathsf{a}}$ of 12.4. Calculate the ratio of protonated Metformin to neutral Metformin in the bloodstream $(\mathsf{pH} \approx 7.4)$.

(A) $10^{5}$
(B) $10^{3}$
(C) 10
(D) $10^{-3}$
(E) $10^{-5}$

16. Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. Choose its correct chemical formula.  (A) $\mathrm{C_{15}H_{18}FN_3O_4}$ (B) $\mathrm{C_{15}H_{20}FN_3O_4}$ (C) $\mathrm{C_{16}H_{20}FN_3O_4}$ (D) $\mathrm{C_{16}H_{21}FN_3O_4}$ (E) $\mathrm{C_{16}H_{22}FN_3O_4}$

17. Which reaction is more likely to be zero order with respect to the reactant? (A) isomerization of glucose using NaOH (B) hydrogenation of butadiene on Pt (C) degradation of formaldehyde by heating (D) self-condensation of acetone using NaOH (E) Elimination of cyclohexanol using H2SO4

18. The unit cell of the perovskite is shown below. The lattice points consist of some A, B cations, and oxygen anions, whose radii are denoted as rA, rB, and ro, respectively. Based on its structure, choose the INCORRECT statement.  (A) The formula is ABO₃ (B) There is one octahedral hole in this unit cell (C) The length of the unit cell is $2r_{\mathrm{A}}$ (D) The unit cell can be expressed in another form (E) A and B could be Ba and Ti, respectively.

19. Select the correct name for the coordination compound with the formula: $\mathsf{K}_3[\mathsf{Fe}(\mathsf{C}_2\mathsf{O}_4)_3]$. (A) Potassium trioxalate ferrate(III) (B) Potassium tris(oxalato)iron(III) (C) Potassium tris(oxalato)ferrate(III) (D) Potassium trioxalate iron(III) (E) Tripotassium tris(oxalato)ferrate(III)

20. An aqueous solution was prepared by dissolving 0.05 moles of aluminum sulfate in 1.00 kg of water. The freezing point of this solution is determined to be $-0.391^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$. (Kf for water is $1.86^{\circ}\mathrm{C} \cdot \mathrm{kg} / \mathrm{mol}$). Calculate the van't Hoff factor (i) for aluminum sulfate. (A) 5 (B) 4.2 (C) 3.6 (D) 2.1 (E) 1 

21. At $100^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ and 1 atm, $100\mathrm{g}$ sodium azide (hint: a compound with a chemical formula of $\mathrm{NaN_7}$) was completely inflated, what is the volume (liters) of the nitrogen gas released from this sample? (A) >121 (B) 101-120 (C) 81-100 (D) 61-80 (E) 41-60 

22. Cerium(IV) ion is a strong oxidizing agent that accepts one electron to produce cerium(III) ion. A solution containing an unknown concentration of $Sn^{2+}$ ions was titrated with a solution containing $Ce^{4+}$ ions, which oxidize the $Sn^{2+}$ ions to $Sn^{4+}$ ions. In one titration $1.00\ \mathrm{L}$ of the unknown solution required $46.45\ \mathrm{mL}$ of a $0.1050\ \mathrm{M}\ Ce^{4+}$ solution to reach the stoichiometric point. $$ a\ Ce^{4+}(aq) + b\ Sn^{2+}(aq) \longrightarrow c\ Ce^{3+}(aq) + d\ Sn^{4+}(aq) $$ What is the closest concentration of $Sn^{2+}$ ions in the unknown solution? (A) $2.4 \times 10^{-3}$ (B) $2.4 \times 10^{-2}$ (C) $2.7 \times 10^{-3}$ (D) $2.7 \times 10^{-2}$ (E) $3.0 \times 10^{-3}$

23. For a $\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}_3$ solution at $25^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$, what is the fractions (in %) of HCO3- at pH 9.00?  H2CO3(aq)⇌H+(aq)+HCO3-(aq) Ka1=4.3×10-7 HCO3-(aq) ⇌H+(ag)+CO3-(aq)   Ka2 =4.8 x 10-11  (A) < 20 (B) 20-39 (C) 40-69 (D) 70-90 (E) >90

24. If $\mathrm{H}_3\mathrm{A}$ is a triprotic acid with $k_{a1} = 1 \times 10^{-4}$, $k_{a2} = 1 \times 10^{-8}$, $k_{a3} = 1 \times 10^{-14}$. What is the equilibrium concentrations of $[\mathrm{HA}^{2-}]$ in a $1.0\ \mathrm{M}\ \mathrm{H}_3\mathrm{A}$ aqueous solution? (A) $1 \times 10^{-7}$ (B) $1 \times 10^{-6}$ (C) $1 \times 10^{-10}$ (D) $1 \times 10^{-9}$ (E) $1 \times 10^{-8}$

25. A 50.0-mL sample of $0.10\ \mathrm{M}\ \mathrm{HCN}$ (if $K_a = 7 \times 10^{-10}$) is titrated with $0.10\ \mathrm{M}\ \mathrm{NaOH}$, what is the pH of the solution at the halfway point in the titration? (Select the closest pH) (A) $\sim 9$ (B) $\sim 10$ (C) $\sim 11$ (D) $\sim 12$ (E) $\sim 8$

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