20 第一次世界大戰爆發的原因，下列敘述何者錯誤？
(A)德國首相俾斯麥打造的同盟體系失控，因而導致戰爭
(B)德俄再保條約因俄國不願續約，德俄關係進一步惡化
(C)德國遂行「大海軍計畫」侵犯英國重大利益
(D)法俄同盟、英法協商、英俄協商接連實現，使德國面臨外交孤立

1 On the relations between municipal law and international law, which of the following statements concerning the status of treaties in the United States is NOT true? (A) All treaties ratified are supreme law of the United States. (B) Judges in every state of the United States are bound by all ratified treaties. (C) All treaties need to be approved by three-fourths of the Senate. (D) The constitution or laws of any state of the United States cannot contradict all ratified treaties.

2 According to the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, which of the following means is the international act whereby a State establishes on the international plane its consent to be bound by a treaty under the international law? (A) Adoption. (B) Ratification. (C) Reservation. (D) Authentication of text.

3 Concerning the sources of international law that could be applied by the International Court of Justice as provided for in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, which of the following statements is correct? (A) Judicial decisions are not listed in that Article. (B) Treaties, international customs and soft laws are listed in that Article. (C) The teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations are listed in that Article. (D) Both general principles of law and the resolutions of international organizations are listed in that Article.

4 Which of the following statements concerning human rights protection systems is correct? (A) European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms has not entered into force in Europe. (B) African Charter of Human and Peoples’ Rights has entered into force in Africa. (C) Asian Charter of the Protection of Human Rights has entered into force in Asia. (D) American Convention on Human Rights has not entered into force in America.

5 Which of the following modes of territorial acquisition refers to the physical expansion of an existing territory of a State by the force of nature? (A) Occupation. (B) Conquest and annexation. (C) Accretion. (D) Prescription.

6 According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which of the followings is the legal characterization of the Area and its resources? (A) Res nullius. (B) Marine protected areas. (C) Common heritage of mankind. (D) Terra nullius.

7 Expropriating foreign investments by host states is allowed provided certain conditions are met. Which of the following conditions is NOT included? (A) For a public purpose. (B) Under a bilateral treaty. (C) In a non-discriminatory manner. (D) With compensation.

8 Which of the following principles refers to a rule of international law that allows a sovereign state to assert jurisdiction over a foreigner whose conduct is outside its boundaries but threatens the national security or interferes with the operation of its government functions? (A) Territorial. (B) Nationality. (C) Protective. (D) Universal.

9 According to Section 18, Article V of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, officials of the U.N. shall be immune from local jurisdiction and execution. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? (A) They shall be immune from criminal litigation, rather than civil lawsuits, in respect of words spoken or written and all acts performed by them in their official capacity. (B) They shall be exempt from taxation on the salaries and emoluments paid to them by the United Nations. (C) They shall be immune from national service obligations. (D) They shall be accorded the same privileges in respect of exchange facilities as are accorded to the officials of comparable ranks forming part of diplomatic missions to the government concerned.

10 Which of the followings is NOT one of the purposes of the U.N. as provided in Article 1 of the U.N. Charter? (A) To maintain international peace and security. (B) To develop friendly relations among nations. (C) To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations. (D) To foster international trade and reduce barriers.

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