21. Heating inactivates enzymes by
(A) breaking the covalent bonds that hold the molecule together.
(B) changing the enzyme's three-dimensional shape.
(C) causing enzyme molecules to stick together.
(D) removing phosphate groups from the enzyme.
(E) inducing the addition of amino acids.

22. Most animals are (A) substrate feeders. (B) suspension feeders. (C) fluid feeders. (D) parasites. (E) bulk feeders.

23. Mouse lung cells are much more active metabolically than frog lung cells. What is the consequence of this? (A) There is a salt imbalance in the frog. (B) The frog must eat insects for energy. (C) The mouse can survive longer and colder winters. (D) The mouse lung cells must have a large cell surface area. (E) The internal environment ofthe frog fluctuates significantly.

24. Which of the following hormones causes glucose release and, consequently, a rise in the concentration of sugar in the blood? (A) glucagon (B) calcitonin (C) insulin (D) oxytocin (E) melatonin

25. The immune system is capable of mounting specific responses to particular microorganisms because (A) stem cells make different antigen receptors depending on the invading microorganism. (B) lymphocytes are able to change their antigen specificity as required to fight infection. (C) stem cells determine which type of B and T cells to make. (D) the body contains an enormous diversity of lymphocytes, each with the ability to respond to a different antigen. (E) stem cells are able to change their antigen specificity as required to fight infection.

26. Which of the following scientists critically influenced Darwin's view on the nature of population growth? (A) Cuvier (B) Malthus (C) Lyell (D) Hutton (E) Wallace

27. The bíological species concept classifies a species based on (A) morphological characteristics (B) reproductive isolation (C) the niche the organism occupies in the environment (D) genetic relationships between an organism and its ancestor (E) both a and b

28. Which of the following would be considered an example of a postzygotic isolating mechanism? (A) incompatible genitalia (B) different mating seasons (C) incompatible gametes (D) mountain range separating two population (E) fertilized egg fails to develop normally

29. Founder events may lead to rapid speciation because of (A) differences in natural selection on new population versus the original population (B) genetic difference due to genetic drift (C) enhance gene flow between the new population and the original population (D) all of above (E) a and b only

30. Which of the following is not a distinguishing characteristic of animal? (A) the capacity to move at some point in their life cycle (B) possession of cell wall (C) multicellularity (D) heterotrophy (E) all of the above are characteristics of animals

31. Terrestrial adaptations seen in animals include (A) internal fertilization (B) tough, protective shells around eggs (C) a waxy cuticle covering exposed tissue (D) a and b only (E) all of the above

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