24. A __ is a piece of extrachromosomal DNA that has its own replication origin.
(A) plasmid
(B) operon
(C) prophage
(D) introns

25. The process by which the base sequence of all or a portion of a DNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule is called (A) replication. (B) transcription. (C) reverse transcription. (D) translation.

26. Transfer of genetic information via direct cell-cell contact is called (A) transformation. (B) transduction. (C) transfection. (D) conjugation.

27. Restriction endonucleases in bacteria may have evolved in order to (A) carry out natural genetic engineering. (B) protect the bacteria from infection by viruses. (C) use nucleic acids as a food (energy) source. (D) All of the above

28. Which of the followings is NOT true of cloning vectors? (A) They usually contain multicloning sites or polylinkers. (B) They contain at least two replication origins. (C) They can be replicated within an appropriate host. (D) All of the above [Image]

29. In a promoter, what is the definition of position "+1"? (A) First nucleotide of open reading frame (B) RNA polymerase II transcription start site (C) Translation start site - ATG (D) Binding site of TATA box protein

30. Which is NOT true in a "promoter reporter assay"? (A) DNA sequence from a genomic region suspected of being able to drive transcription is fused with a reporter gene. (B) A reporter gene is a protein that gives a signal when the gene is expressed and the protein translated. (C) A series of sequential deletions of the sequence are made on reporter gene. (D) Followed by measurement of the reporter gene activity.

31. In CRISPR-Cas9 technology, the RNA-guide endonuclease will first engineer a DNA double strand breaks at specific genomic loci where precise editing could be achieve by - (A) Nucleotide excision repair (B) Mismatch repair (C) Base excision repair (D) Homology-directed repair

32. Which is NOT true about "genome"? (A) A genome is an organism's complete set of genetic information. (B) A genome includes all of the hereditary instructions for creating and maintaining life, as well as instruction for reproduction. (C) The instructions in genome are all made up of DNA. (D) All living things have a unique genome.

複選題33. Which is TRUE about conserved sequence? (A) Conserved sequences are dissimilar sequences in nucleic acids or proteins. (B) Conserved sequences indicate that a sequence has been maintained by evolution. (C) A highly conserved sequence is one that has remained relatively unchanged during natural selection. (D) Conserved sequence could be observed between proteins from different species (paralogous).

34. Which is NOT true about RNA splicing? (A) RNA splicing is a form of RNA processing in which a newly made precursor messenger RNA transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA. (B) During splicing, introns are removed and exons are joined together. (C) Some RNA molecules have the capacity to splice themselves. (D) During splicing, the intron base pairs with the downstream branch sequencing forms a hairpin before the exon is cut and joined.

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