30.Which amino acid side chains can form hydrogen bonds via their functional groups?
(A) Serine
(B) Lysine
(C) Phenylalanine
(D) Asparagine
(E) Valine

31.Which of the following statements is/are TRUE? (A) Interactions with the cytoskeleton enhance the mobility of integral membrane proteins. (B) Lipid-binding motif in peripheral proteins interact with polar head groups of membrane phospholipids. (C) Most lipids and a few proteins are laterally mobile in the plasma membrane. (D) Membrane-embedded b sheets are the primary secondary structures in most trans-membrane proteins. (E) All trans-membrane proteins are asymmetrically oriented in the bilayer.

32.The results of pulse-chase experiments (A) can be used to estimate the time required to synthesize a cellular constituent. (B)can be influenced by the pool size. (C)can be used to determine the direction in which macromolecules are synthesized. (D) can depend on the nature of the precursor used. (E) can not be used to determine the location in the cell where a particular cellular constituent is synthesized.

33.Which of the following statements about tRNA is/are TRUE? (A)The first and second bases of a codon in tRNA almost always form standard Watson-Crick base pairs with the third and second bases, respectively, of the corresponding anticodon. (B)Four of the six codons for leucine (CUA, CUC, CUU, and UUA) are all recognized by the same tRNA with the anticodon 3'-GAI-5'. (C)The G:U base pair can structurally fit almost as well as the standard G:C pair. (D)Some 20-30 different tRNA have been identified in bacterial cells and as many as 30-40 in animal and plant cells. (E)The un-folded structure of tRNA promotes its decoding functions.

34.Vesicle trafficking (A) uses small membrane-bound sacs (vesicles) to move proteins. (B) moves lipids, and other cargo between organelles (like ER to Golgi) (C) moves proteins, lipids, and other cargo to cell's exterior. (D) is crucial for nutrient uptake, but not cell communication. (E) involves in budding, cytoskeletal tracks, and fusion with target membranes.

35.Epigenetic modifications of the genome (A) only one Y chromosome is active in female mammals. (B)heterochromatin sciences nearby genes. (C)one of the two X chromosomes in female mammals is accurately inactivated to achieve proper gene dosage. (D) DNA methylation is a heritable mark on the DNA. (E) DNA methylation decreases the rate of mutation.

36.Which of the following statements is/are TRUE? (A)Monomeric actin and tubulin subunits assemble into microfilaments. (B)There are more than five types of filaments compose the cytoskeleton. (C)Dimeric subunits composed of a- and b-tubulin polymerize into microtubules. (D)Intermediate filaments are assembled from a large of diverse family of proteins. (E)Microtubules radiate from microsomes and organize certain subcellular structures.

37.Eukaryotic Non-coding RNA transcripts (A) are functional RNA molecules that don't code for proteins. (B)play crucial roles in regulating gene expression and other cellular processes. (C)act as key players in everything from protein synthesis (rRNA, tRNA) to gene silencing (miRNA,siRNA) and complex regulation. (D)Genes specifying long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs) оccupy a large fraction of the genomes of complex organisms. (E)The term 'IncRNAs' encompasses RNA polymerase I (Pol I), Pol II and Pol III transcribed RNAS, and RNAs from processed introns.

38.Which are the characteristics of the ER or the Golgi? (A) protein oligomerization occurs in the ER. (B) protein folding occurs in the Golgi. (C) protein quality control occurs in the ER. (D) oligosaccharide is added to many proteins in the ER. (E) N-terminal acetylation usually occurs in the ER.

39.Which of the following statements is/are TRUE? (A)Mitosis distributes exact copies of genetic material so the daughter nuclei are genetically identical to each other and identical to the mother nucleus from which they came. (B)The phenotypic ratio of 1:2:1 is characteristic of the F-2 of a monohybrid cross where dominance is lacking. (C)Crossing over involves the exchange of parts between homologous chromosomes. (D)Meiosis is often called "reduction division" because the genetic material is reduced by half. (E)Most genes are probably pleiotropіc.

40.Which of the following statements is/are TRUE? (A) Peroxisomes synthesize fatty acids and degrade toxic compounds. (B)Mitochondria have their own unique circular DNA "chromosomes" distinct from nuclear DNA. (C) The synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids takes place in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (D) The nucleus contains the DNA genome, RNA synthetic apparatus, and a fibrous matrix. (E) Lysosomes vary in size and shape, and several hundred may be present in a typical animal cell.

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