31 The phrase “the former” in line8 refers to
(A) the surface pressure
(B) Venus1 atmosphere
(C) Earth's atmosphere
(D) a result

32. The word "eventually1* in line 10 is closest in meaning to (A) in the past (B) first (C) ultimately (D) occasionally

33. According to the passage, what causes Venus' high surface pressure? (A) Dissolving rocks (B) Frequent heavy rains (C) Its distance from the Sun (D) The composition of its atmosphere

34. Why does the author begin the sentence in lines 11-12 with the phrase "If this carbon dioxide were released from Earth's rocks,.-."' (A) To present a situation that is contrary to fact (B) To convince readers that a certain process is harmless (C) To describe an event that took place long ago (D) To explain what is likely to happen in the future

35. The word "trapped" in line 12 is closest in meaning to (A) caught (B) transported (C) lacking (D) involved

36. According to the passage, which of the following has resulted from processes involving Earth’s carbon dioxide? (A) A steady increase in the density of Earth’s atmosphere (B) An increased rate at which rock dissolves (C) The accumulation of carbon dioxide in Earth’s rocks (D) The expansion of Earth’s oceans

37. The passage suggests that which of the following helps explain; why Earth has kept most of its water? (A) Earth's surface contains only small amounts of iron. (B) Earth has always been cooler than Venus. (C) Earth now has higher amounts of carbon dioxide than it used to have. (D) Earth's atmosphere has never completely blocked sulfuric acid droplets,

38. Avoiding to the passage, what happened to oxygen on Venus'? (A) Most of it was absorbed into rocks. (B) It was released from water and then combined with other substances. (C) It chemically combined with hydrogen to form atmospheric water, (D) It has been slowly replacing carbon dioxide in Venus' upper atmosphere,

39. The word "constituent” in line 23 is closest in meaning to (A) type (B) alternative (C) product (D) component

40. What aspect of twentieth-century art in the United States does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The realistic representation of urban life in the years before the First World War (B) he limitations of early twentieth-century academic art (C) The development of realism from the early twentieth century to the Second World War (D) The influence of European art on American an between the First and the Second World Wars

41. The word "bland" in line 7 is closest in meaning to (A) thoughtless (B) regulated (C) false (D) dull

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