34. Many antibiotics used in modern medicine selectively inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by exploiting the structural and functional differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes.
(A) False
(B) True

35. One can determine if a membrane protein is exposed on the external side of the plasma membrane by covalent attachment of a labeling reagent or by protease digestion only if the membrane is intact. (A) False (B) True

36. Hydrophobic interactions are exhibited with (A) ions. (B) nonpolar molecules. (C) hydration ions. (D) polar molecules. (E) none of these.

37. Radioactive isotopes (A) are electrically unbalanced. (B) behave the same chemically and physically but differ biologically from other isotopes. (C) are the same physically and biologically but differ from other isotopes chemically. (D) have an excess number of neutrons. (E) are produced when atoms lose electrons.

38. microRNAS (A) are a class of exogenous RNAs (B) small and highly conserved noncoding RNAS (C) control gene expression post-translationally

39. A short RNA molecule was isolated that demonstrated a hyperchromic shift indicating secondary structure. Its sequence was determined to be "AGGCGCCGACUCUACU". What DNA sequence would give rise to this RNA molecule through transcription? (A) TCCGCGGCTGAGATGA (B) AGTAGAGTCGGCGCCT (C) UCCGCGGCUGAGAUGA (D) AGUAGAGUCGGCGCCU

複選題40. During elongation of a polypeptide chain (A) the tRNA moves from one codon of the mRNA to the next (B) the ribosome move closer to the 3' end of the mRNA (C) the growing polypeptide chain is passed from the tRNA of the A site to the amino acid present in P site (D) tRNAs enter empty P site

41. Suppose you are labeling a population of cells growing asynchronously with [H]thymidine. G₁ is 6 hour, S is 6 hours, G2 is 5 hours, and M is 1 hour. What percentage of the cells would have labeled mitotic chromosomes if you chased the cells for 18 hours? (A) One-third of the cells (B) None of the cells (C) Two-third of the cells

42. Would you agree with the statement that the centrosome plays a key role in determining the rates of lengthening and shorting of the microtubules of an animal cell? (A) Yes (B) No

43. Would you expect the greenhouse effect (an increase in the CO2 content of the atmosphere) to have a greater effect on C4 plants or C3 plants? (A) C4 plants (B) C3 plants

44. How does the p53 gene protect against the development of cancer? (A) The p53 is normally expressed at a high level but this decrease if the DNA is damaged. (B) If the DNA is not repaired, the p53 gene can induce apoptosis of the cell. (C) The p53 protein can activate genes that cause the inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinases which are needed for the cell to proceed through the restriction point in S phase.

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