38. The author includes the example of Ethan primarily to illustrate how ______.
(A) public embarrassment is more harmful than physical aggression
(B) digital technology has made school discipline increasingly ineffective
(C) students today are more emotionally vulnerable than previous generations
(D) indirect participation can contribute significantly to the persistence of bullying

39. The word “symbolic” in the final paragraph suggests that anti-bullying policies may ______. (A) become legally controversial (B) strengthen school discipline immediately (C) improve students’ academic performance (D) appear meaningful without creating real change

40. Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage? (A) Analytical and critical. (B) Humorous and relaxed. (C) Nostalgic and emotional. (D) Optimistic and celebratory.

41. During an English-speaking activity in a Taiwanese junior high school, students are discussing what they did over the weekend. One student enthusiastically shares: “He go to school yesterday.” The teacher recognizes that the student has made a grammatical error in verb tense but is also aware that the primary goal of the activity is to promote oral fluency and confidence in communication. According to the principles of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), what would be the MOST appropriate teacher response? (A) Ask the student to translate the sentence into Mandarin Chinese in order to identify the grammatical mistake. (B) Interrupt the student immediately and require repetition of the sentence until the correct grammatical form is produced. (C) Prioritize the student’s successful communication of meaning during the activity and provide corrective feedback at a later, more appropriate stage. (D) Refrain from addressing the error altogether because grammatical accuracy should never be corrected during communicative activities.

42. During an English lesson in Taiwan, the teacher organizes a scavenger hunt activity in which students work in small groups to locate hidden objects around the classroom. To complete the task, students must read English clues, discuss possible answers with teammates, ask questions, and negotiate meaning in English before moving to the next location. Which instructional characteristic is MOST clearly reflected in this classroom activity? (A) An interactive, learner-centered approach that promotes meaningful communication and authentic language use through collaborative problem-solving. (B) A structured Audiolingual approach that emphasizes habit formation through repetitive oral pattern drills and immediate error correction. (C) A Total Physical Response (TPR) approach that focuses primarily on learners’ comprehension of teacher commands through physical movement with minimal verbal interaction. (D) A Grammar-Translation approach that develops linguistic knowledge through explicit grammar explanation and translation between English and Mandarin.

43. During an EMI environmental studies lesson, students are investigating the causes of climate change. Several learners initially hold the misconception that climate change is caused solely by littering and local pollution. As they analyze scientific data, interpret graphs, and engage in guided discussions, they encounter evidence demonstrating the complex roles of greenhouse gases, industrialization, and global consumption patterns. The teacher deliberately encourages students to challenge their prior assumptions and reconstruct their understanding based on the newly acquired knowledge. From the perspective of Piagetian Constructivism, the cognitive process most clearly illustrated in this scenario is ______. (A) conditioning, in which learners acquire knowledge through reinforcement of desired responses (B) accommodation, in which learners revise existing cognitive structures when confronted with information that cannot be adequately explained by prior schemas (C) pattern drilling, in which learners develop automaticity through repeated exposure to target forms (D) linguistic translation, in which understanding is achieved by converting information between two languages

44. A district-wide English examination consists mainly of isolated grammar questions. In response, teachers reduce the time devoted to communicative activities and spend most lessons preparing students for grammar drills. Which concept best describes this effect? (A) Construct underrepresentation. (B) Inter-rater reliability. (C) Diagnostic assessment. (D) Negative washback.

45. A bilingual program supports students’ literacy development in their home language while gradually increasing English- medium instruction. Its goal is to add English without weakening the students’ first language. Which outcome does the program seek to promote? (A) Additive bilingualism. (B) Subtractive bilingualism. (C) Language attrition. (D) Linguistic assimilation.

46. In a CLIL science lesson, a teacher presents plate tectonics through oral explanations, an annotated diagram, gestures, and a short animation. Each mode contributes information that others do not fully convey. Which statement best explains the pedagogical value of this design? (A) It eliminates the need for explicit support for discipline-specific language during instruction. (B) It uses complementary modes to scaffold students’ construction of disciplinary meaning. (C) It enhances learning by repeating identical information across multiple channels. (D) It shifts students’ attention away from classroom interaction and toward the teacher’s lecture.

47. According to the principles of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), which of the following classroom activities would NOT be classified as an authentic “task”? (A) Students take turns reading a dialogue aloud from the textbook and underline past tense verbs. (B) Students read a restaurant menu and role-play ordering a meal based on specific conditions. (C) Students work in pairs to look at two different pictures and find ten differences in the pictures. (D) Students collaborate in small groups to design a three-day travel itinerary for a school trip within a fixed budget.

48. During a speaking activity, a junior high student becomes visibly frustrated and shuts down after making a pronunciation error that causes peers to chuckle. A teacher utilizing Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) principles would use this moment primarily to ______. (A) force the embarrassed student to repeat the word correctly to demonstrate resilience (B) instruct the student to go to the hallway so the rest of the class can finish the lesson without interruption (C) validate the student’s frustration and lead a classroom discussion on empathy and supportive peer communication (D) ignore the incident entirely to avoid drawing further embarrassment to the student and moving quickly to the next .. student

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