38. Which of the following strategies can be used for identifying the binding site of transcription factors within promoter region?
(A) DNA microarray
(B) Southern hybridization
(C) DNA footprinting
(D) Dot blotting

39. Which of the following statements is   CORRECT   for the purification of a biological molecule? (A) The protein G is used to purify nucleic acid and lipids. (B) Gel-filtration chromatography is a separation method for discriminating protein hydrophobicity. (C) Alteration of pH value or ion strength cannot interrupt the protein-ligand binding in the affinity purification. (D) The affinity chromatography uses the specific binding properties of a protein to purify the desired protein.

40. Which of the following strategies can be used for determining protein half-life? (A) Mass spectrometry (B) Two-dimensional electrophoresis (C) Pulse-chase labelling (D) Western blotting

41. Post-translational modification is important for protein activity. Which of the following modifications is involved in the covalent linkage between two amino acids? (A) Ubiquitination (B) Glycosylation (C) Phosphorylation (D) Acetylation

42. Which gel type would you recommend for analyzing a sample containing glycosylated proteins of different sizes? (A) Gradient gel (B) Low density gel (C) High density gel (D) Agarose gel

1. What is the usual extracellular ion source that can be used for animal cells to provide an electrochemical gradient during an active transport? (A) Potassium ion (B) Sodium ion (C) Proton (D) Bicarbonate ion

2. What will be the outcome if a cell being treated with ouabain ? (A) The cells will be maintained at isotonic condition (B) Due to drug block the voltage-dependent sodium channel, the cells will eventually shrink (C) Ouabain works on potassium leaking channel, cells will swell (D) Due to Na+-K+ pump blockade, high solutes within the cells will drive in water and cells will eventually swell and burst

3. Which of the following statement best describes the sodium pump (Na*-K+ ATPase)? (A) A major P-type transporter to adjust the imbalance of Nat and K+ concentration inside and outside the cell due to action potential (B) It pumps out 2 sodium ions in exchange of 3 potassium ions into the cytosol (C) The pump is a symporter (D) The operation of the pump is a Nat-dependent dephorsphorylation and K⁺-dependent phosphorylation

4. What defines the start and termination of a 'chemical transmission' during a process of neuronal activation? (A) Neurotransmitter release followed by transmitter uptake (B) Neurotransmitter release and then calcium channel close (C) Receptor down-regulation followed by receptor up-regulation (D) Sodium channel open followed by receptor down-regulation

5. Which is not correct about "telomere" or chromosome end? (A) longer length in young cells (B) longer length in old cells (C) higher telomerase activity in young cells (D) lower telomerase activity in old cells

6. Which is the most appropriate statement for cancer cells? (a) They grow depending on external signals. (b) They may grow in foreign organs. (c) They may grow in low nutrient. (d) They may grow in clumps in culture. (A) abc (B) abd (C) acd (D) bcd

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