39. Which of the following classes of noncoding RNAs is NOT directly involved in RNA interference?
(A) miRNA
(B) snoRNA
(C) piRNA
(D) siRNA

12. Which of the following classes of noncoding RNAs is NOT directly involved in RNA interference? (A) miRNA (B) snoRNA (C) piRNA (D) siRNA

40. What is the function of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases in RNAi? (A) They prevent the spread of the RNAi pathway by replicating the target RNAs. (B) They help amplify the RNAi response by replicating the target RNAS. (C) They produce additional copies of the siRNAs to ensure that the RNAi response is sustained and spread. (D) They are viral proteins that prevent the spread of RNAi by preferentially replicating siRNA sponges.

1. The isoelectric point of a protein is (A) pH value where positive and negative charges are equal (B) Sedimentation constant of protein (C) Protein position in gel (D) The point of maximum protein binding to the uncharged surface (E) None of the above

2. There are five types of histones. The histones that stabilize DNA binding between nucleosomes are (A) H1 (B) H2A (C) H2B (D) H3 (E) H4

3. Which of the following is not a part of the cell plasma membrane? (A) Cholesterol (B) Phospholipids (C) Fatty acids (D) Glycoprotein (E) None of the above

4. Generally, the functions of vitamins in the body are as follows: (A) Catalyst (B) Enzymes (C) Activating factor (D) Coenzymes (E) All of the above

5. Many drugs work by inhibiting the activity of specific enzymes. The type of inhibition is usually (A) Allosteric (B) competitive (C) noncompetitive (D) Uncompetitive (E) participating in a chemical reaction

6. The pentose phosphate pathway produces a product used in the synthesis of nucleotides, DNA, and RNA. (A) Arginine (B) Glucose-1-phosphate (C) Glucose-6-phosphate (D) Glucose-5-phosphate (E) Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate

7. Proteins embedded in the outer phospholipid layer of low-density lipid (LDL) particles are (A) Interleukin-2 (B) Apolipoprotein C-25 (ApoС-25) (C) Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoВ-100) (D) Fibroblast growth factor-23 (E) None of the above

8. Saturated fatty acids exist in a straight chain form. However, which of the following changes can make the saturated fatty acid chain bend: (A) Carboxyl carbon forms salt (B) Carboxyl carbon forms ester. (C) An oxygen atom is attached to two adjacent carbon atoms (D) A double bond is inserted between two adjacent carbon atoms (E) None of the above

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