4. During meiosis, DNA replication occurs during:
(A)G1.
(B) S.
(C)G2.
(D)interkinesis.
(E)cytokinesis.

5. Which of the following is wrong about stem vascular bundles? (A)Can be scattered or located in a ring (B) Cells of primary xylem or larger than cells of primary phloem (C)Relative amount of cell types with the bundles can vary (D)Phloem is found to the inside and xylem to the outside (E)Can be interconnected with other vascular bundles

6. Leaves are quite vulnerable to damage by fungi and chewing insects. A leaf adaptation that would not be a deterrent to those pests would be: (A)a thick cuticle on the surface of the epidermis. (B) a bundle sheath around leaf vascular bundles. (C)stomata in the epidermis. (D)trichomes on the surface. (E)a blade divided into leaflets.

7. A root is not uniform along its length but has distinct zones. Starting at the tip, these zones proceed as which of the following? (A)Apical meristem → root cap → zone of elongation → zone of maturation/root hairs (B) Root cap → zone of elongation → apical meristem → zone of maturation/root hairs (C)Root cap → apical meristem→ zone of elongation → zone of maturation/root hairs (D)Root cap → apical meristem → zone of maturation/root hairs → zone of elongation

8. Many people buy furniture made of oak. The wood of this tree is particularly good for furniture construction because it contains large amounts of: (A)fibers. (B) parenchyma. (C)sclereids. (D)tracheids. (E)vessel elements.

9. Which of the following is the order in which flower parts are attached to the receptacle, from lowest or highest? (A)Petals → sepals → stamens → carpels (B) Sepals → petals → stamens → carpels (C)Sepals → stamens → petals → carpels (D)Sepals → petals → carpels → stamens

10. ATP is synthesized from ADP and phosphate in: (A)the cytoplasm using the oxidation of organic molecules as the energy source. (B) mitochondria using light energy as the energy source. (C)chloroplasts using light energy as the energy source. (D)chloroplasts using the oxidation of organic molecules as the energy source.

11. To promote plant growth, lights called grow lights should produce light enriched in what wavelengths? (A)Red and green. (B) Red and blue. (C)Yellow and blue. (D)Blue and violet. (E)Orange and violet

12. The main advantage of Kranz anatomy is that: (A)RuBP carboxylase is found only in bundle sheath chloroplasts. (B) RuBP carboxylase is found only in palisade parenchyma chloroplasts. (C)RuBP carboxylase is found only in spongy mesophyll chloroplasts. (D)RuBP carboxylase is found only in mesophyll chloroplasts. (E)PEP carboxylase is found only in bundle sheath chloroplasts.

13. Plants as a whole are: (A)obligate aerobes. (B) obligate anaerobes. (C)facultative aerobes. (D)facultative anaerobes.

14. The synthesis of proteins from amino acids is a very endergonic process. In most organisms, the energy to drive this synthesis comes from all of the following except: (A)glycolysis. (B) photorespiration. (C)the citric acid cycle. (D)the electron transport chain and chemiosmotic oxidative phosphorylation. (E)respiration from lipids.

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