41. __________ First, they spin webs from the liquid in their bodies. This liquid turns into a sticky threadlike material. Next, the spider waits for an insect to get stuck on the web. After this happens, the spider quickly stings the insect. Then it wraps the insect up in more of the sticky thread. The insect remains in the web until the spider is ready to eat.
(A) Spiders and insects are different in many ways.
(B) Spiders have an unusual way of catching their food.
(C) Unlike the body of an insect, a spider's body is divided into two sections.
(D) Unlike most insects, spiders can produce silk throughout their lifetimes.

42. __________It is usually best to delegate responsibility for an entire task, project, or function to one person. Delegation by task is the easiest approach and a good place to start if you're new to this. Delegating by project represents a higher level of delegation. It increases the scope of the delegation assignment and generally requires a staff member who can handle a wide range of responsibilities. Managers with many direct reports may choose to delegate assignments by function. (A) Delegation has many advantages, as well as some disadvantages. (B) There are signs that you should do more delegating or more effective delegating. (C) Delegation implies that managers lose control of their projects and abdicate their responsibilities. (D) Delegation can be carried out in several ways.

43. __________ First, the initial year of the Winfield Academy program covers American colonial history. Second, the Winfield program in the second year concentrates on the twentieth century. Third, the twentieth century material includes American and world history. This sequence matches the one we have been using. Merging the Winfield students with those in Central High for a joint history program will not disrupt either school's curriculum. (A) In contrast with our program, the Winfield Academy program is a prestigious program with three major characteristics. (B) There are similarities and differences between the Winfield Academy history program and ours. (C) The Winfield Academy history program is similar to ours in three important areas. (D) There are both strengths and weaknesses in the Winfield program and ours.

44. __________ The most frequent cause is an air mixture that is too rich; that is, the fuel-air ratio is greater than 10:1. The second most frequent cause is oil in the fuel in concentrations greater than 60 cc per gallon of fuel. The result of such heavy concentrations of oil is seen in the dense blue exhaust smoke. A third, and somewhat less frequent, cause is the speed of the engine itself. The lower the speed, the greater the density of smoke from oil burning in the combustion chambers. (A) Research into the causes of excessive smoke in the exhaust systems of small internal combustion engines shows that there are several factors responsible. (B) Research into excessive smoke in the exhaust systems of small internal combustion engines shows no significant correlation between amounts of smoke and the following three pollutants. (C) Research into excessive smoke in the exhaust systems of small internal combustion engines shows three main causes: a too thin air mixture, a low concentration of oil in the fuel, and fast engine speed. (D) Based on research, excessive smoke results in three major kinds of pollution: a too thin air mixture, a low concentration of oil in the fuel, and fast engine speed.

45. __________ At first, people along the coast burned huge wood fires out in the open. Later on, lighthouses were built, first burning wood, then coal. They signaled to ships that they were close to the land. The flames made very bright warning beacons at night. Today, special electric lamps send out powerful beams to warn faraway ships of danger. (A) Lightships are positioned where lighthouses are impossible to erect. (B) There are three types of lighthouses: those on the coast, those on offshore reefs, or those on sandbanks. (C) Lighthouses, towers carrying lights that guide ships to land, are tourist attractions. (D) Lighthouses have changed since sailors first began looking toward land for warning signals. 

46. How easily do you break a bone? __________ (1) As a result, sales of drugs treating osteoporosis totaled some \$7 billion last year. (2) “Up to half of women over age 50 will break a bone due to osteoporosis in their lifetime.” (3) Consumers likely have heard such claims hundreds of times in commercials for drugs to treat osteoporosis, a bone-thinning disease primarily afflicting women. (4) The medical community is nevertheless hardly of one mind about how many women over 50 should be taking these drugs. (A) 2 4 1 3 (B) 3 4 1 2 (C) 2 3 1 4 (D) 4 2 1 3

47. More worrying still is the Pakistani conflation of extremism on their soil with the American war on terror. __________ (1) There was a time in the 1950s and 60s when Pakistanis would proudly boast that they were America's 51st state. (2) Rather they are considered as a reaction to American adventurism in that region. (3) The suicide attacks against police, the military, government ministers and moderate leaders, are not seen as attacks on Pakistan. (4) And yet American support for Israel and the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan are taken as proof that the U.S. is following an anti-Islamic agenda. (A) 3 2 1 4 (B) 4 2 1 3 (C) 2 1 3 4 (D) 1 4 2 3

48. Hurricanes and tornadoes are not alike. __________ (1) A tornado's direction is unpredictable, but a hurricane's pathway is predictable. (2) A hurricane, on the other hand, may last for days or even weeks. (3) Also, the average time span for a tornado is one hour.(4) Finally, tornadoes occur in the central part of the United States and are accompanied by a violent whirling wind, while hurricanes occur in the tropics and have winds up to 100 miles an hour. (A) 3 1 2 4 (B) 2 1 3 4 (C) 2 3 1 4 (D) 1 3 2 4

49. Replacing a circuit breaker in a dark basement is one thing. __________ (1) It will perform many of the station's mundane tasks and reduce the number of death-defying spacewalks. (2) But what if you had to climb around the outside of a spacecraft orbiting hundreds of miles above the Earth to do it? (3) Fortunately, help is scheduled to arrive this month in the form of the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator, a versatile, \$200-million robotic handyman. (4) This kind of dangerous maintenance work has become fairly common for astronauts aboard the International Space Station, where they spend as much time fixing the \$100-billion-plus orbiting science lab as they spend performing actual research. (A) 2 4 3 1 (B) 4 1 2 3 (C) 3 2 1 4 (D) 2 3 1 4

50. Like clichés, proverbs have been kicking around in the English language for a while, longer than clichés. __________ (1) Aphorisms, on the other hand, are of questionable merit in the news. (2) It also makes them more palatable, if only marginally so. (3) However, if a particular event is a strong illustration of this sort, then the aphorism itself may be alluded to without appearing trite. (4) Unlike clichés, however, they contain morals and this extends their lifespan. (A) 2 3 4 1 (B) 4 2 1 3 (C) 1 2 4 3 (D) 3 1 2 4

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