42. According to the passage, what is one reason critics believe supermarkets are still not doing enough to reduce food waste?
(A) They require customers to purchase reusable containers before entering their stores.
(B) They have refused to sign agreements to reduce plastic packaging by 2025.
(C) They continue to transport fresh produce using gasoline-powered vehicles instead of electric ones.
(D) They do not disclose accurate figures on food waste, making it difficult to develop effective solutions.

43. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? (A) One major supermarket has announced plans to remove plastic packaging from its ownbrand products by 2023. (B) Critics believe that donating surplus food alone is sufficient to solve the problem of food waste. (C) There is still a need to reduce food and plastic waste. (D) The author suggests that major supermarkets could learn from the practices adopted by smaller grocers.

44. What can be inferred from the passage? (A) Small environmentally friendly grocers will eventually replace major supermarket chains throughout the UK. (B) Consumer pressure is likely to remain an important force in encouraging supermarkets to adopt more sustainable business practices. (C) Once supermarkets fulfill their plastic reduction pledges, concerns about food waste will largely disappear. (D) The primary obstacle to environmental sustainability is consumers' unwillingness to change their shopping habits.

45. Which of the following sentences would serve as the best concluding sentence for the passage? (A) Therefore, consumers should avoid shopping at large supermarkets and purchase food exclusively from local retailers. (B) As a result, governments should immediately impose stricter regulations on all supermarket chains to eliminate food and plastic waste. (C) Although meaningful progress has been made, lasting environmental improvement will require greater transparency and broader adoption of sustainable practices. (D) Consequently, environmental problems caused by supermarkets are expected to disappear once current recycling targets are achieved. 

46. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage? (A) Ancient civilizations understood the true purpose of dreaming far better than modern neuroscientists do. (B) Dreaming is a complex cognitive process that serves essential functions in memory, emotion, and survival. (C) The reduction of activity in the prefrontal cortex is the sole reason why humans experience dreams. (D) Threat simulation is the most widely accepted scientific explanation for why humans enter REM sleep.

47. Which of the following can be inferred from the article about individuals who do not get enough REM sleep? (A) They will completely lose the ability to dream during non-REM sleep phase. (B) They will experience an unnatural increase in prefrontal cortex activity. (C) They may struggle to perform efficiently on newly learned, complex tasks. (D) They are more likely to remember trivial daily events than emotionally charged ones.

48. According to the article, what explains the illogical and bizarre nature of dreams? (A) The complete inactivity of the amygdala during deep sleep (B) A lack of metabolic activity throughout the entire human brain (C) The hyper-activation of the prefrontal cortex during REM sleep (D) Decreased activity in the brain region

49. According to the Threat Simulation Theory, how did dreaming provide an evolutionary advantage to early humans? (A) It allowed them to communicate secretly across long distances while asleep. (B) It kept them alert to physical predators entering their sleeping areas. (C) It provided a safe environment to practice identifying and avoiding dangers. (D) It reduced their need for deep sleep, allowing more time for hunting.

50. The phrase “nocturnal therapy” in paragraph 4 refers to the idea that dreaming _____. (A) cures physical illnesses while a person is sleeping (B) helps the brain process psychological trauma (C) prevents individuals from experiencing stressful events during the daytime (D) suppresses all emotional responses so that memories are completely erased

1 下列何種我國國民之行為，不適用我國刑法？ (A)法官甲在美國旅遊時，收受賄賂而同意返臺後就某個案為無罪判決，但未及判決即被發現(B)外交官乙在大阪寄送炸彈郵包至東京，企圖殺死現居於東京之友人，但郵包寄送至友人家後即被發現而未爆炸(C)詐騙集團成員丙在越南打電話給臺北之被害人，但被害人未陷於錯誤(D)留學生丁在巴黎偽造其與房東之租約，但未及使用即被發現

2 關於刑法錯誤型態，下列敘述何者錯誤？ (A)甲欲槍殺鄰居惡犬，昏暗中將在狗屋旁爬行的小孩誤認為惡犬而射殺，此屬構成要件錯誤(B)甲欲殺乙，潛入乙宅開槍對躺在床上的人射擊，實則躺在床上的是乙妻丙，此屬禁止錯誤(C)甲遵守交通規則駕駛，機車騎士乙超速自後方撞上甲車，乙受傷倒地，甲認為自己對事故發生並無責任，也無救助乙的義務，即便駕車離開也不構成肇事逃逸罪，因而駕車離去，此屬禁止錯誤(D)甲與未滿 14 歲之乙合意性交，認為得到乙同意之性交，不成立刑法第 227 條第 1 項對未滿 14 歲之男女為性交罪，此屬禁止錯誤

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