45. Which approach does the author most strongly endorse？
(A)Restricting the development of algorithmic systems
(B)Encouraging passive reliance on automated decision-making
(C)Promoting transparency, digital literacy, and reflective engagement
(D)Prioritizing efficiency over critical awareness in technological use

46. What is the primary purpose of the passage？ (A)To problematize behaviorist assumptions by contrasting them with contemporary cognitive perspectives (B)To advocate for the replacement of traditional teaching methods with retrieval-based approaches (C)To synthesize key findings in cognitive science and examine their implications for instructional practice (D)To evaluate competing theories of learning and determine their relative empirical validity

47. The “testing effect” is most accurately characterized as evidence that: (A)Retrieval-induced strengthening of memory traces surpasses the benefits of repeated exposure (B)Frequent assessment enhances motivation, thereby indirectly improving retention (C)Repeated retrieval consolidates procedural knowledge more effectively than declarative knowledge (D)The act of testing functions primarily as a diagnostic rather than a learning mechanism

48. In the context of the article, excessive cognitive load is problematic because it: (A)Interferes with the allocation of attentional resources necessary for schema construction (B)Limits learners’ capacity to engage in metacognitive monitoring during task performance (C)Disrupts the integration of prior knowledge with newly presented information (D)Exceeds the processing constraints of working memory, thereby impeding learning

49. The reference to “real classrooms” primarily serves to: (A)Underscore the ecological validity of cognitive science research findings (B)Highlight the necessity of mediating theoretical principles through professional judgment (C)Challenge the generalizability of experimental research conducted under controlled conditions (D)Emphasize the role of contextual variables in determining instructional effectiveness

50. Which statement best encapsulates the author’s conceptualization of learning？ (A)Learning is an emergent process shaped by the interaction of cognitive mechanisms and instructional design. (B)Learning is primarily a function of memory consolidation achieved through repeated exposure. (C)Learning is contingent upon minimizing cognitive load to ensure efficient information processing. (D)Learning is largely determined by the learner’s ability to internalize externally provided input.

1. 「策略運用」屬於十二年國民基本教育課程綱要健康與體育領域學習表現哪一個類別？ (A)認知 (B)情意 (C)技能 (D)行為

2. 「田徑」屬於學習內容哪一項主題？ (A)挑戰類型運動 (B)表現類型運動 (C)競爭類型運動 (D)群體健康與運動參與

3. 十二年國民基本教育課程綱要健康與體育領域提及「以行動力進行健康宣導，在課程中力行動態生活」屬於哪一種層面。 (A)自發 (B)互動 (C)共好 (D)省思

4. 「體重過重」指的是身體質量指數BMI介於 (A)21-24kg/m2 (B)24-27kg/m2 (C)28-31kg/m2 (D)32-35kg/m2

5. 哪一種學校體育教學理論也稱為創造思考體育教學理論，認為重要教學元素為空間、時間、力量及型式？ (A)樂趣化體育教學理論 (B)動作教育理論 (C)學生中心理論 (D)練習、指導與鼓勵理論

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