46 What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
(A) To make noise on windows, knocker-ups often relied on long, light bamboo sticks.
(B) To accomplish their tasks, knocker-ups would not leave until their clients woke up.
(C) To wake up their clients, knocker-ups used a tool from which they could shoot dried peas.
(D) To ensure a successful job, knocker-ups had adopted several creative knocking-up methods.

Before there were alarm clocks, how did people wake up at a specific time they wanted to in the morning? Since the Industrial Revolution began in the 1780s, people had been finding ways to make sure they got to work on time. Back then, a knocker-up, also known as a “knocker-upper,” started as a profession to wake people up by knocking on their doors or windows.

在鬧鐘出現之前，人們如何在早上的特定時間醒來？自 18 世紀 80 年代工業革命開始以來，人們一直在尋找確保自己準時上班的方法。當時，敲門人（也稱為“knocker-upper”）開始成為一種職業，透過敲門或敲窗戶來叫醒人們。

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Even though alarm clocks had been invented in 1787 by American inventor, Levi Hutchins, they were not yet available to the general public in Britain or Ireland. It was common for people in these places to hire knocker-ups to wake the mup in the morning. Half a century after the invention of alarm clocks, Frenchman Antoine Redier patented an adjustable alarm clock in 1847. Still, mechanical alarm clocks were not cheap or widely available. Well into the 1920s, most workers in Britain would rather hire knocker-ups.

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儘管鬧鐘早在 1787 年就由美國發明家 Levi Hutchins 發明，但當時英國和愛爾蘭的普通民眾還無法使用鬧鐘。在這些地方，人們僱用敲門人來在早上叫醒自己是很常見的事。在鬧鐘發明半個世紀後，法國人安托萬·雷迪埃 (Antoine Redier) 於 1847 年獲得了可調節鬧鐘的專利。然而，機械鬧鐘並不便宜，也不普及。到了 20 世紀 20 年代，大多數英國工人寧願僱用敲門人。

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There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in large industrial towns such as Manchester.Knocker-ups were generally elderly men and women, but sometimes police officers would take on the job to earn extra income by performing the task during early morning patrols. But who woke the knocker-uppers? A tongue-twister from the time goes like this:
We had a knocker-up, and our knocker-up had a knocker-up
And our knocker-up’s knocker-up didn’t knock our knocker up
So our knocker-up didn’t knock us up
‘Cos he’s not up.

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有大量的人從事這項工作，特別是在曼徹斯特這樣的大型工業城市。敲門人通常都是老年男女，但有時警察也會在清晨巡邏時承擔這項工作以賺取額外收入。但是誰叫醒了這些敲門者呢？當時有一句繞口令是這樣的：
我們有一個敲門人，我們的敲門人有一個敲門人
我們的敲門人的敲門並沒有敲響我們的敲門人
所以我們的打擊並沒有擊倒我們
因為他還沒起床。

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By the 1950s, knocking up had gradually died out in most places due to the wide spread of electricity and affordable alarm clocks. Today, people merely read about anecdotes regarding how knocker-ups woke up their clients creatively or a fun tongue-twister like the one above.

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到了 20 世紀 50 年代，由於電力的廣泛普及和鬧鐘價格低廉，大多數地方的敲門習俗已逐漸消失。如今，人們只是讀到一些關於敲門人如何以創意喚醒客戶的軼事，或者像上面那樣的有趣的繞口令。

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46 What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

(A) To make noise on windows, knocker-ups often relied on long, light bamboo sticks.

(B) To accomplish their tasks, knocker-ups would not leave until their clients woke up.

(C) To wake up their clients, knocker-ups used a tool from which they could shoot dried peas.

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46 第三段的中心思想是什麼？

(A) 為了敲擊窗戶發出聲音，敲門人通常會使用長而輕的竹棍。
(B) 為了完成任務，敲門者直到客戶醒來才會離開。
(C) 為了叫醒顧客，睡衣女工使用一種可以射出乾豌豆的工具。
(D) 為了確保工作成功，敲門工人採用了幾種創意的敲門方法。

The morning.
翻譯： 早晨。

Half a century after the invention of alarm clocks, Frenchman Antoine Redier patented an adjustable alarm clock in 1847.
翻譯： 在鬧鐘發明半個世紀後，法國人安托萬·雷迪耶（Antoine Redier）在 1847 年獲得了一個可調式鬧鐘的專利。
解析： patented 是動詞「取得…的專利」；adjustable 指「可調節的」。

Still, mechanical alarm clocks were not cheap or widely available.
翻譯： 儘管如此，機械鬧鐘既不便宜，也不普及。
解析： Still 在這裡作副詞，意思是「儘管如此、不過」；widely available 意為「廣泛可得的、普及的」。

Well into the 1920s, most workers in Britain would rather hire knocker-ups.
翻譯： 直到 1920 年代，大多數英國工人寧願僱用「叫醒人」。
解析： Well into... 意為「一直到…（晚期）」。would rather 後接原形動詞，表示「寧願…」。knocker-up 是專有名詞，指當時專門負責叫醒工人起床的職業。

Knocker-ups used a variety of methods to wake up their clients.
翻譯： 叫醒人使用各種方法來喚醒他們的顧客。
解析： a variety of 意為「各種各樣的」；clients 是「顧客、客戶」。

Some used a baton警棍, or a short, heavy stick, to knock on the client’s door.
翻譯： 有些人使用警棍，或是一根短而重的木棍，來敲擊顧客的門。
解析： baton 是「警棍、指揮棒」。後面的「, or a short, heavy stick」是用來補充說明 baton 是什麼。

Some used a long and light stick made of bamboo to reach the client’s window on a higher floor.
翻譯： 有些人則使用由竹子製成的長而輕的竿子，來觸及位於較高樓層顧客的窗戶。
解析： reach 在此為動詞「搆到、達到」；on a higher floor 指「在較高的樓層」。

Still others used a pea(豌豆)-shooter, through which small objects can be blown, to shoot dried peas at their clients’ windows.
翻譯： 還有其他人使用一種吹管（一種可以吹出小物品的管子），把乾燥的豌豆射向顧客的窗戶。
解析： pea-shooter 是「吹氣筒、豌豆槍」；through which... 是關代子句，修飾前面的 pea-shooter。

Their job was to rouse喚醒 the sleeping clients, and they certainly came up with creative ways to achieve this goal.
翻譯： 他們的工作是喚醒熟睡的顧客，他們確實想出了有創意的辦法來實現這個目標。
解析： rouse 是「喚醒、激起」；come up with 則是「想出、提出（點子）」。

Knocker-ups would not leave a client’s door or window until they made sure that the client had been awaken.
翻譯： 叫醒人直到確定顧客已經醒來，才會離開顧客的門口或窗戶。
解析： would not... until... 表示「直到…才…」；made sure 意為「確定/確保」；awaken 為醒著的狀態。

There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in large industrial towns such as Manchester.
翻譯： 有大量的人從事這份工作，尤其是在像曼徹斯特這樣的大型工業城鎮。
解析： carrying out 意為「執行、實行（工作）」。

Knocker-ups were generally elderly men and women, but sometimes police officers would take on the job to earn extra income by performing the task during early morning patrols.
翻譯： 叫醒人通常是上了年紀的男女，但有時警察也會接下這份工作，在清晨巡邏時執行這項任務來賺取額外收入。
解析： generally 為副詞「通常」；take on 意為「承擔、接下」；extra income 為「額外收入」。

But who woke the knocker-uppers? A tongue-twister from the time goes like this:
翻譯： 但誰來叫醒這些叫醒人呢？當時有一首繞口令是這樣說的：
解析： tongue-twister 意為「繞口令」。

We had a knocker-up, and our knocker-up had a knocker-up
And our knocker-up’s knocker-up didn’t knock our knocker up
So our knocker-up didn’t knock us up
‘Cos he’s not up.
翻譯： 我們有一個叫醒人，而我們的叫醒人也有一個叫醒人。
而我們叫醒人的叫醒人，沒有敲醒我們的叫醒人。
所以我們的叫醒人沒有敲醒我們，
因為他自己也還沒起床。
解析： 這是一首非常有名的古老英文繞口令。英文中 knock someone up 在當時的口語中就是「叫某人起床」的意思，整首詩透過階層關係玩了文字雙關的趣味。

By the 1950s, knocking up had gradually died out in most places due to the wide spread of electricity and affordable alarm clocks.
翻譯： 到了 1950 年代，由於電力普及和價格親民的鬧鐘廣泛使用，叫醒人的服務已在大多數地方逐漸消失。
解析： die out 意為「滅絕、逐漸消失」；wide spread 是「普及、廣泛傳播」。

Today, people merely僅僅 read about anecdotes軼事 regarding how knocker-ups woke up their clients creatively or a fun tongue-twister like the one above.
翻譯： 時至今日，人們只能透過閱讀軼事來了解叫醒人當初是如何充滿創意地叫醒顧客，或是像上述那樣有趣的繞口令。
解析： merely 意為「僅僅、只」；anecdotes 指「軼事、趣聞」；regarding 則是「關於」。