6. Individuals with an XXY karyotype are_________in humans and_________ in fruit flies.

(A) male; male

(B) female; female

(C) male; intersexual

(D) male; female

(E) female; male

7. Which of the following is NOT true of DNA?(A) It is acidic.(B) It contains deoxyribose.(C) It is found in cell nuclei.(D) It contains phosphate.(E) It contains amino acids.

8.The protein that progressively unwinds DNA ahead of each replication fork is called(A) primase. (B) helicase. (C) topoisomerase.(D) telomerase. (E) ligase.

9.What radiolabeled substance did Hershey and Chase use to label the protein component of the bacteriophage in their study to determine whether protein or DNA was necessary for phage production?(A) Nitrogen; N(D) Phosphorus; P(B) Carbon; C(E) lodine; I(C) Sulfur; S

10.The antiparallel polarity of the two DNA strands within the double helix affects DNA replication in that(A) it takes twice as long to replicate two strands sequentially from 5' to 3'.(B)circular bacterial DNA does not have polarity, so a single strand can be copied twice.(C) DNA polymerases on each strand synthesize DNA in the 5'-to-3' direction, and one strand is synthesized discontinuously.(D) each portion of the double helix must be unwound twice so that both strands are replicated continuously.(E) Only one strand of DNA at any replication origin can be synthesized.

11. Why is a variegated plant considered heteroplasmic? (A)All of the plant's cells have mutant and wild-type chloroplast DNAs.(B) The plant has mutant and wild-type chloroplast DNAs distributed amongst the cells indifferent ratios.(C)All of the plant's cells have mitochondria and chloroplasts. (D)The plant has only two types of cells, one with only mutant chloroplast DNAs and one with only wild-type chloroplast DNAs. (E) None of above

12. Oocyte nuclear transfer can be used to(A) create embryos for stem cell therapy.(B) allow females with any genetic disease to have unaffected offspring.(C) allow females with mitochondrial diseases to have unaffected offspring.(D) allow parents to control all of the phenotypic characteristics of their children.(E) allow parents to select the gender of their children.

13. What is the relationship between methylation and genomic imprinting? (A) Differential methylation of DNA in males and females results in only one of the parental alleles being transcriptionally active in the offspring. (B) Reversible methylation of DNA inherited from the father results in the paternal alleles being (C) expressed only late in development. Reversible methylation of DNA inherited from the mother results in the maternal alleles being expressed only late in development. (D) DNA methylation silences the alleles inherited from both parents, so no alleles are transcriptionally active. (E) DNA methylation does not regulate gene expression.

14. What is true about the mutations within a complementation group?(A) They produce the same mutant phenotypе.(B) They do not complement each other and are in the same gene.(C) They complement each other and are in the same gene.(D) They complement each other and are in different genes.(E) They do not complement each other and are in different genes.

15.What evidence supports the hypothesis that humans originated in Africa? (A) One Y chromosome lineage that originated 1,000 years ago is found in 8% of modern-day Asian men. (B)Alleles of nuclear genes are less variable in African populations than in other populations. (C)Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation is higher in African populations than in other populations. (D) H. sapiens genomes contain some alleles from Neanderthal genomes. (E) None of above.

16.Which interaction is NOT involved in maintaining tertiary structure in protein molecules?(A) covalent bonds(B) hydrogen bonds(C) hydrophobic interactions(D) electrostatic interactions(E) All of the choices may be involved in maintaining tertiary structure in proteins.

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