87. If all saprobic fungi in an environment were to suddenly die, which group of organisms should benefit as a whole?
(A) plants
(B) protists
(C) prokaryotes
(D) animals
(E) mutualistic fungi

88. In septate fungi, what structures allow cytoplasmic streaming to distribute needed nutrients, synthesized compounds, and organelles throughout the hyphae? (A) chitinous layers in cell walls (B) pores in septal walls (C) complex microtubular cytoskeletons (D) two nuclei (E) tight junctions that form in septal walls between cells

89. Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition (A) from organic matter. (B) by preying on animals. (C) by ingesting it. (D) by consuming living, rather than dead, prey. (E) by using enzymes to digest their food.

90. The number of legs an insect has, or the number of vertebrae in a vertebral column, or the number of joints in a digit (such as a finger) are all strongly influenced by _____ genes. (A) haploid (B) introns within (C) heterotic (D) heterogeneous (E) Hox

複選題91. Evidence of which structure or characteristic would be most surprising to find among fossils of the Ediacaran fauna? (A) true tissues (B) mineralized hard parts (C) bilateral symmetry (D) cephalization (E) embryos

92. Which chemical is not normally found in any sponges? (A) chitin (B) spongin (C) calcium carbonate (D) silica (E) cribrostatin

93. Which of these are characteristics of all chordates during at least a portion of their development? (A) a dorsal, hollow nerve cord (B) pharyngeal clefts (C) post-anal tail (D) A and B only (E) A, B, and C

94. What do hagfishes and lampreys have in common with the extinct conodonts? (A) lungs (B) the jawless condition (C) bony vertebrae (D) their mode of feeding (E) swim bladders

95. An evolutionary adaptation that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest is (A) closing of the stomata. (B) lateral buds. (C) apical dominance. (D) absence of petioles. (E) intercalary meristems.

96. Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane proton pump? (A) hydrolyzes ATP (B) produces a proton gradient (C) generates a membrane potential (D) equalizes the charge on each side of a membrane (E) stores potential energy on one side of a membrane

97. Which of the following is of least concern to a researcher in a mineral nutrition experiment? (A) purity of the chemicals used to make the nutrient solutions (B) purity of the water used to make the nutrient solutions (C) chemical inertness of the container used to make and store the nutrient solutions (D) ability of a laboratory balance to weigh very small quantities of chemicals (E) medium in which the test seedlings were grown

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