(一)請申論甲、乙兩人為何不會獨自提供有效的燈塔數量。（10分）

(二)如果甲、乙兩人合作建造燈塔，有效的燈塔數量為何？又甲、乙願意 各自分擔多少費用，社會淨利益為何？（15分）

二、假設政府對利息所得課徵比例稅，請用兩期跨期消費模型（intertemporal consumption model）繪圖說明此一課稅政策對儲蓄者的儲蓄行為影響。 （25 分）

一、請在家計單位有非工資所得的假設下，分析課徵比例所得稅對於代表性 家計單位勞動供給的影響。 （25 分）

二、 「進口財貨市場為完全競爭下，政府課徵進口關稅會降低人民的福利水 準」 ，請繪圖分析此一論述的正確性。 （25 分）

一、英譯中：（15 分）        Representations of the relationship between European colonizers and aboriginal peoples have long been much shaped by theoretical discourses from various historical perspectives. The disciplines we know as history, anthropology and archaeology largely emerged in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in the context of the encounter between Europe and other peoples. These disciplines insisted upon a particular understanding of human history. This was conceived as the reason for the fundamental differences Europeans perceived between themselves and other peoples. The former constructed their culture as symbolizing modern and civilized by imagining the culture of aboriginal peoples as representing the ancient and backward. That is, they claimed that cultures could be divided into different periods of human history. Instead of regarding others as peoples who were contemporaneous with themselves, Europeans claimed that they were from the barbarous age. According to this historical theory, there was a natural course of history beginning with the barbarian state, which was aboriginal, and progressing towards modern civilization, which was Europe’s present. In this theory, peoples such as aborigines were always associated with a lack or deficit.

二、中譯英：（15 分）         軍隊全面潰逃。所有秩序的假象蕩然無存，士兵不再聽從他們的長 官，而紀律早已消失殆盡。彈將盡，糧將絕，人不為己，天誅地滅。那 是印刻在一個國家集體意識上的災難，今日猶然。當大多數人想到在阿 富汗的外國勢力干預時，總會想到 1842 年的英軍撤退行動。

三、英文寫作： （45 分）總字數限制：350 字以內。         Write an essay of no more than 350 words to comment on the passage below. Support your position and discourse with reasoning and/or examples from readings, studies, experience, or observations. Many human rights professionals are reluctant to call their work diplomacy, and find “human rights diplomacy” an uncomfortable oxymoron that links two fundamentally different areas of human endeavour. The roots of the discomfort run deep. Diplomacy is traditionally understood as the cool- headed pursuit of national interests, where principles and morality can, and in some cases should, be left aside or compromised, a dispassionate exercise of realpolitik at the international level. Meanwhile, human rights work has always been about ideals and values, driven by passion and indignation over injustice. In recent decades, however, there has been a convergence of the two disparate areas of work.

一、試說明鋼筋混凝土極限應力設計法中強度折減因數ψ之規定中，其拉力 控制斷面與壓力控制斷面如何判斷？強度折減因數ψ各為多少？（25 分）

二、下圖之耐震柱之鋼筋比約 3%，試設計其抗拉搭接長度，並請說明規範對耐 震柱縱向搭接鋼筋面積與配置之要求。已知混凝土強度 f 'c = 280 kgf/cm2， D13，db = 1.27 cm，Ab = 1.27 cm2，fy = 2800 kgf/cm2；D29，db = 2.87 cm， Ab = 6.47 cm2，fy = 4200 kgf/cm2。（25 分）

三、有一三桿桁架，桿件 AD、BD 及 CD 之斷面積分別為A、A 及 A， E 為材料之彈性模數，試求各桿件在載重作用下之作用力。 （25 分）

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