(a) Directory-based protocols in general have better scalability than snooping protocols.

4. A round rotor synchronous generator delivers p = 0.8 (real power) at 0.9 power factor lagging to a bus with voltage of 1.0. Assume that the synchronous reactance of the generator is 0.6 and the armature resistance can be neglected. Find the open-circuit voltage of the synchronous generator. (11%)