(5)證明三向量加=＜1,2,3＞,b=＜4,5,6＞,c=＜7,8,9＞為線性獨立或線性相依。(20%)。

(a) Which four species are the primary greenhouse gases? (5 points)

(b) Which species can be regarded as an indicator of urban air pollution? (5 points)

(c) What industrial product (products) has been entirely banned since 1996 according to Montreal Protocol for saving the atmospheric ozone? (5 points)

2. List the types of chemical bond and tell the difference. Also give some examples for each type of chemical bond. (15 points)

3. What volume of a 0.100 M HCI solution is needed to neutralize 25.0 mL of a 0.350 M NaOH solution? (15 points)

4. Calculate the pOH and the pH of a solution in which 10.0 mL of 0.100 M HCI is added5.0 mL of 0.100 M NaOH. (15 points)

 5. Considering only the following two reactions: If this cycle were in steady state, and if the concentrations of CO and M were and , respectively, what would have been the concentration of the radical HCO? (20 points)

6. Concentrations of ozone were 60 ppb, in Taipei, Taoyuan and Taichung, respectively. Assuming temperature was 25℃ and pressure was 1 atm at all the three cities, which city had the highest ozone concentration? MW of ozone is 48 g/mole and the universal gas constant is 0.082 L atm. (20 points)

16. Figure 1 plots changes in prices (in the vertical axis) in respond to changes in the yield to maturity (the horizontal axis) for four coupon bonds with the following properties:i. maturity in 5 years, coupon rate 3%, and yield to maturity 1 5%;ii. maturity in 15 years, coupon rate 3%, and yield to maturity 15%;iii. maturity in 15 years, coupon rate 3%, and yield to maturity 9%; iv. maturity in 5 years, coupon rate 18%, and yield to maturity 15%. Please identify which properties are with Bonds A, B, C, and D in the graph. Note that scores are given only if you offer reasons alongside with the correct answer. (10 points)

(i)To estimate the cost of capital, you survey the capital market and find that the average beta is 2 for all-equity firm in the similar industry as your new business. Under the risk-free rate of 1% and the market-portfolio return of 7%, please compute the cost of capital for your business if you want to finance the project by equity only. (3 points)

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