三、請以中文先摘述說明下文的大意，並加以申述評析之。
        One key policy technology of the new educational policy reforms, performativity, is defined as a ‘… mode of regulation that employs judgements, comparisons and displays as a means of incentive, control, attrition and change based on rewards and sanctions (both material and symbolic)’ (Ball 2003, 216). According to Ball (2003), the technology of performativity reduces complex social processes into numerical categories so that quality schooling is measured by the numbers game of student performance on high-stakes standardised testing. Moreover, the ‘mechanics of performativity’ introduces new modes of invisible social control through data generating monitoring systems including ‘the appraisal meeting, the annual review, report writing, the regular publication of results and promotion applications, inspections and peer reviews’ (Ball 2005, 220). The shaping up and management of performance to meet the demands of external requirements, according to Ball (2003, 222), may produce a ‘spectacle, or game-playing, or cynical compliance, or what one might see as an “enacted fantasy” (Butler 1990), which is there simply to be seen and judged – a fabrication’.

四、請以中文先摘述說明下文的大意，並加以申述評析之。         Strategy is a new unit of analysis for evaluation. The Encyclopedia of Evaluation (Mathison, 2005) has an entry on “strategic planning” but nothing on strategy as an evaluand or on evaluating strategy. Traditionally, evaluation has focused on projects and programs. Organizational development makes the organization the unit of analysis for assessing organizational effectiveness, usually focused on mission fulfillment. Management, in contrast, often focuses on strategy as the defining determinant of effectiveness. The language of strategy permeates senior management initiatives in government, philanthropy, the private sector, and the not-for-profit world. Being sensitive and responsive to primary intended users of evaluation has become a hallmark of effective and useful practice. In that sense, being sensitive and responsive to the language and concepts used by primary intended users is a strategy for enhancing the relevance and utility of evaluations. We came to focus on the question of what it means to evaluate strategy, because we observed that our senior management clients in all sectors were talking not about theories of change or logic models, but about being strategic: Strategic thinking. Strategic planning. Strategic results. Being strategic. Strategy execution. Adapting strategically. And, yes, evaluating strategy. In this regard, we are working in the tradition of that eminent evaluation pioneer, Sir Winston Churchill (1874–1965), who is reputed to have observed:“However beautiful the strategy, you should occasionally look at the results.”

1. One reason that environmentalists oppose the disposal of waste into the ocean is that it kills marine life.

2. Regardless of a person’s age, coloring can help one think more creatively because it requires an elaborate arrangement of colors to make up an amazing picture.

3. New Zealand and Australia have pledged to institute a “travel bubble” or “travel corridor” between their two countries as soon as it’s safe to do so. This would allow residents of both countries to travel from one to the other without needing to go into quarantine.

4. Working from home used to be a common practice in only a few industries. Yet, thanks to the development of the Internet and technologies, more and more industries have begun to adopt this approach.

5. According to statistics, about one-third of the world’s food is wasted each year, but up to one billion people are facing starvation. Although many  Taiwanese can hardly imagine starvation, wasting food is an issue that everyone needs to pay attention to.

6. 鞋子是人們視為理所當然的物品之一。然而，在世界上一些極度貧窮 的地區，很多人沒有鞋子穿而被迫要打赤腳。

7. 看電影可能是世界上最受歡迎的娛樂之一。雖然有些人偏愛在電影院 裡體驗聲光效果，但另一些人則享受舒服地在家看電影。

8. 員工流動率高對任何公司來說都是一個大問題。當人員流動率升高而 新員工又待不久時，士氣會低落且工作效能會受到負面影響。

9. 自新冠肺炎出現以來，有心理健康問題的人數暴增。

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