二、《聯合國憲章》第51條使用「受武力攻擊時」（if an armed attack occurs）一詞， 依英文文義解釋，自衛權似僅於國家已遭受武力攻擊時始得發動。然而當武力攻擊 已迫在眉睫，若仍主張國家不得採取自衛行動，似乎並不合理；因此，有主張應當 有所謂「先發性自衛權」者，對此國際法學界有正反兩種看法，請簡述肯定說與否 定說論者之理由。（25分）

三、人口遷徙伴隨著人類歷史發展的長遠過程而從未間斷，移民的送出國與接受國亦有 其依於自身國家發展而設定之移民政策，且依於不同時期而常有變化。請從學理上 之「匯合說」（convergence hypothesis），論述其對於移民政策的影響。（25分）

四、「聯合國開發計劃署」（UNDP）之研究顯示，若認知到含移民在內之人口遷移是 有利於國家發展，其提出了那些方向作為各國政府未來改革移民政策思考之主軸？ （25分）

1. Read the following passage and design Three comprehension questions. (15 分) The answer to each question should be provided.         When the love child of the doughnut and the croissant was created by the Dominique Ansel Bakery in New York, fans queued for hours to sample the tasty hybrid snack. With only 300 cronuts made each day sold at $5 a pop, they are so coveted that they can go for up to $40 on the pastry black market. Even supermodel Heidi Klum had to wait weeks to try one. Though the cronut has gained worldwide attention on social media since its debut in May, few in the UK have had the chance to taste the unique pastry -- until now. "It just went viral because it's new," Dominique Ansel told the press. One British bakery described it as the most exciting pastry launch since the sausage roll. But although they have proved extremely popular with British customers, the intense enthusiasm for cronuts in New York is unlikely to be replicated in London. "Cronuts are called "Yum Yums" in this country and you can buy them in the supermarket Waitrose. We've had them for decades," wrote Richard Turner, the owner of London's Hawksmoor steakhouse, in an email to his business partner. Adalat Hussain, co-owner of the Wild and Wood cafe in Central London says British cronut-eaters are attempting to master the treat with a knife and fork. "I think using your hands is the best way," he says. Back across the pond, a young woman in the queue outside the Dominique Ansel Bakery declared the cronut a typically American invention. "A croissant is a great pastry in the morning; a doughnut is a great pastry in the morning. Really to combine the two is representative of the American way. It's really efficient and delicious and fattening and great." Dominique Ansel has copyrighted the term "cronut," prompting bakeries to come up with alternative names like "doissant", "croissant-doughnut" and "doughssant". The much-loved British bakery chain Gregg's launched the Greggsnut in September. "There's nothing unique about it," says Hussain. "It's just a simple thing that's really taken off." Now bakeries in the UK are desperate to create their own viral dessert -- anybody fancy a waggle (waffle meets bagel)? Or a crookie (croissant meets cookie)? How about a townie (tartlet meets brownie)? Whatever your preference, it looks like this particular trend will be with us for a while. 

2. Translation： (20 分) 1111人力銀行( manpower agency 1111 Job Bank)所舉辦的調查顯示，百分之 49.1的受訪上班族 後悔他們選擇的大學科系。主要是因為他們選的科系讓他們很難找到好工作。在台灣，許多年輕人 畢業後不久就面臨失業。因此，大學應該在學生畢業前，協助他們做職業規劃，並尋找工作。

3. The following is the script of a recorded dialogue. Suppose you’re going to use this material to give your students English listening practice. How would you present it to your students? Please elaborate on the steps or the strategies you might use to help your students sharpen their listening skills. (25分)  Script Man: So, what do you want to do tomorrow? Woman: Well, let's look at this city guide here. [Okay] Uh, here's something interesting             . [Oh!]Why don't we first visit the art museum in the morning? Man: Okay. I like that idea. And where do you want to eat lunch? Woman: How about going to an Indian restaurant? [Humm] The guide recommends one             downtown a few blocks from the museum. Man: Now that sounds great. After that, what do you think about visiting the zoo?         [Oh . . umm . . well . . . ] Well, it says here that there are some very unique          animals not found anywhere else. Woman: Well, to tell you the truth, I'm not really interested in going there. [Really?].               Yeah. Why don't we go shopping instead?               There are supposed to be some really nice places to pick up souvenirs. Man: Nah, I don't think that's a good idea. We only have few travelers checks left, and           I only have fifty dollars left in cash. Woman: No problem. We can use YOUR credit card to pay for MY new clothes. Man: Oh, no. I remember the last time you used MY credit card for YOUR purchases. Woman: Oh well. Let's take the subway down to the seashore and walk along               the beach. Man: Now that sounds like a wonderful plan. 

名詞解釋1.Missa( ordinary)

名詞解釋2.1947 序曲

名詞解釋3.Plyaski

名詞解釋4.Opera Buffa

名詞解釋5.北管

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