⑷依磺胺類抗菌藥物（sulfa drugs）結構，衍化成降血糖藥物－磺醯尿素類（sulfonylureas）， 請繪出其結構通式；（3 分）並說明此類藥物之構效關係（structure-activity relationships, SARs）。（5 分）

⑴Ampicillin

⑵Aspirin

⑶5-Fluorouracil（5-FU）

⑷Omeprazole

⑴請繪出古柯鹼之化學結構。

⑵依古柯鹼之結構基礎，請說明局部麻醉藥之設計及結構衍化。

⑶請說明酯類局部麻醉藥，為何容易引起過敏？

⑷請說明如何改善酯類局部麻醉藥所引起之過敏現象？

⑸請說明酯類局部麻醉藥，為何須避免與磺胺類抗生素併用？

一、英譯中：請將以下文章譯為中文（20 分）Middle power diplomacy is a concept in the international relations literature that applies to states that, due to either their material and financial capabilities or their political culture and leadership, contribute actively to conflict resolution, peacekeeping, or official development assistance. It is often described as acting as a “good citizen” of the international community: more involved than smaller states in international affairs, but also more compromising and multilateral in focus than the great powers. The Republic of China (ROC), like most small states, is significantly influenced by the actions of larger states and thus reliant on multilateral cooperation to ensure its own security. Moreover, the ROC continues to find itself in an historically complicated and often tense geopolitical position where larger states’ spheres of influence overlap, especially those of China and the United States. It is questionable, therefore, whether middle powers like the ROC can always play a truly independent role and will not ultimately be tempted to side with one great power or another. It might be more meaningful to identify middle powers by their effects on mediation and diplomacy and their leadership’s attitudes rather than quantifying their financial or material capabilities. 

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