2. 開創一間有規模的公司是令人膽顫心驚的任務，就算是最有經驗的管理團隊也必須要全面了解在瞬息萬變的市場 中的潛在風險。(3%)

3. 台灣教改總是以由上而下的方式實施。專家和學者組成會議決定變革，再由學校執行指令。(3%)

二、混合題出題：( 10 分 )         In the animal kingdom, not getting eaten is a top priority. To this end, some species have developed weapons, such as a painful sting or a deadly bite, and warn other creatures of this fact with bright colors and patterns. Others, lacking weapons themselves, employ a more cunning strategy. They simply copy the warning signs of a truly deadly creature, and as a result of this fakery, are left well alone.        This phenomenon has been named Batesian mimicry after the scientist Henry Bates, who first observed it in the mid1800s. While collecting butterflies in Brazil, Bates observed that a number of common, slow-flying butterflies were being ignored by predators even though they were easy catches. He guessed that these butterflies must taste disgusting and that predators had learned to avoid them as a result. He later observed that certain rare butterflies of different species share color patterns with these bad-tasting butterflies. He concluded that the rare butterflies must gain some level of protection from the resemblance. Predators had come to connect certain color patterns with a nasty eating experience, and the rare butterflies had evolved to take advantage of this fact.        Instances of Batesian mimicry can be found all over the animal kingdom. The harmless king snake, for example, has developed a color pattern that is almost identical to that of the deadly coral snake. One look at the distinctive red, yellow, and black bands on a king snake is enough to make predators think twice about eating it, just in case it packs a venomous bite like its near twin. Similarly, many species of flies have the same black-and-yellow stripes as bees and wasps. Eager to avoid getting stung, most predators will stay well-clear, though in fact these flies have no stings to speak of. But surely the most innovative of these animals is the mimic octopus. This master of disguise can completely change not only its colors but also its body shape in order to resemble the venomous lionfish, the deadly sea snake, and several other dangerous creatures of the deep.        These examples show that animals don’t have to pack deadly weapons to survive in nature. Sometimes, just pretending to be dangerous is good enough to make predators keep their distance. For these accomplished Batesian mimics, there’s really no shame in faking it!

三、活動設計：(15 分)After reading the article below, please design two follow-up tasks for twelfth graders to do. The first task should be designed based on the content of the article. The second task should help students explore the issue(s) related to the article. You are encouraged to include the following elements in your answer: objective, length, activity, and expected outcome        In April 201, a post with the title “Lying Flat Is Justice” was published on Chinese social media. The writer, 31-year-old Luo Huazhong, declared that he was done with being ambitious and seeking the expected middle-class life of having kids, a house, and a high-ranking job. Instead, he said he found it much more satisfying to “lie flat” and live a simple life without steady work. The post clearly struck a chord with other Chinese youth, as forum discussions about lying flat soon flourished across China’s web platforms and put a name to the desire to quit the modern-day rat race.        Lying flat can be seen as a response to the relentless nature of modern Chinese society. The government has put its hopes in its younger citizens to “rejuvenate the nation” and work hard in service of growing the economy. Led by tech giant Alibaba, China’s highly competitive technology sector adopts a work model known as “996”—working from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., six days a week—as a way to boost productivity. However, this unyielding corporate culture has bled into other industries and put unbearable pressure on young workers across urban China. Employees who can’t keep up are fired, and high performers are rewarded only with more work.        In addition to this brutal work culture, the nation’s cost of living has continued to rise, but wages haven’t kept up. Housing costs in Beijing rose 115% from 2013 to 2019, while disposable income per person saw only a 66% rise. Such grim numbers have made it hard for many young people to imagine ever being able to buy a house or support a family. With seemingly nothing in their future but endless work and struggle, some see lying flat as their only alternative.      It’s not only in China that lying flat has emerged as a social concern—this phenomenon can be seen with young people all across East Asia. In South Korea, young adults have been wrestling with overwork and financial struggles for years. The term sampo, meaning “giving up three”, was coined in 2011 to describe young Koreans who are giving up on dating, marriage, and having kids. This term has since been upgraded to opo, “giving up five”, and ultimately n-po, “giving up to the nth degree,” reflecting exhaustion with the expectations of modern life. Just as in China, housing prices have skyrocketed, and steady employment has been difficult to find. Social and gender issues are also at the heart of this “giving up” philosophy. Young women observed how their mothers couldn’t have kids without forsaking their professional lives, so they prefer not to get married or have children at all.        In Japan, where work pressure has been a problem for many years, the term for young people experiencing this kind of social fatigue is satori sedai—the “enlightened generation” or, more cynically, “resignation generation.” Different from Japan’s hikikomori, who shut themselves entirely away, those who identify themselves as satori sedai participate in society but have no desire for material luxuries. This baffles their elders, who grew up in a thriving consumer culture. Satori youth also feel pessimistic about their future opportunities, as they believe most of Japan’s resources will be spent tending to the country’s large elderly population rather than advancing younger people’s prospects.         Whether it’s the ruthless 996 culture, gender-related social pressure, or housing prices making home ownership out of reach, East Asia’s young people have many reasons to want to lie flat. It will take substantial change to make these exhausted youth believe that they have other options available to them.

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五、申論寫作：請根據題目要求在答案卷上作答。(10 分) ESL/EFL students often encounter many challenges when speaking, such as struggling to generate ideas or having difficulty elaborating on their opinions. How can you assist B1 intermediate level students in overcoming these obstacles and expressing themselves more effectively and fluently in classroom discussions? Please illustrate the scaffolding strategies you would use.

(一) 請依據《DSM-5 精神疾病診斷準則手冊》說明您對小萱的初步評估？(5%)

(二) 親師合作是輔導工作中相當重要的環節，請說明您將如何與家長說明小萱的狀 況，請以對話方式呈現。(10%)

(三) 請說明您對小萱的輔導處遇計畫為何?(10%)

(一) 第一次晤談時，您知道以上訊息後，您會於晤談中做哪些處理？(5%)第一次晤 談後，您會優先做哪些處理？(5%)

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