3. (A)Please calculate the ionic strength of a solution containing 0.01 M K₂SO₄ and   0.01 M   NaCl.
(5 分)

(B) A solution of 1 liter contains Fe3+,SCN-,and Fe(SCN)2+ and reacts following the equation shown as  Fe3+(pale yellow) + SCN-(colorless) ↹Fe(SCN)2+(red) to an equilibrium state of red color. If we add 0.01 mole of K2SO4 to the present solution, the color will change to deep red or to pale yellow? Please explain why adding inert salt will change the color?(5 分)

4. What are the differences between standard addition and internal standards in quantitative analysis? (5分)

5. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization and electrospray ionization are two of the popular ionization methods used for mass spectrometry analysis. Please give the principles of the two methods. (5 分)

6. What are the differences between particles packed column, wall coated open tubular column, and capillary electophoresis? Please explain by the relation of van Deemter equation H (plate height) ≈ A (multiple path) + B/u (longitudinal diffusion) + Cu (equilibration time). (5 分)

(A) ion-pair chromatography (3 分)

(B) photodiode array detector (3 分)

(C) inductively coupled plasmas (3 分)

1. A hospital obtains 50% of its flu vaccine from Company A, 40% from Company B, and 10% from Company C. From past experience, it is known that 4% of the vials from A are ineffective, 3% from B are ineffective, and 6% from C are ineffective. The hospital tests five vials from each shipment. If at least one of the five is ineffective, find the conditional probability of that shipment's having come from B. (10%)

2. Tiffany and John decide to meet at the train station. If each person independently arrives at a time uniformly distributed between 1 p.m. to 1:30 p.m., calculate the probability that the first to arrive has to wait longer than 10 minutes. (10%)

(1) Find the p.d.f. of the sample median \( Y_{2} \). (5%)

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