4. 船上滅火的方法有幾種？並請解釋其作用？

5. 船長夜航命令簿之內容？

申論題1. VHF與MF頻帶上，被指派作為DSC遇險電信業務，分別是哪些頻率？

2. 請列舉製作航程計劃所需十種有關海圖之航海圖書之名稱。

(1)磁羅經航向為何？

(2)電羅經航向為何？

4. 試述能見度受限時之航行當值，應特別注意之事項。

5. 請根據中華民國所使用之浮標系統與海圖圖例，由浮標外觀上之顏色分佈型態、頂標形狀、顏色與配置方向等，分別描繪或說明何謂南基點與西基點標誌？

一、英翻中Will AI Replace Human Translators? (標題無需翻譯)(Source: https://www.getblend.com/blog/artificial-intelligence-changing-the-translation-services-industry/)Artificial intelligence has revolutionized the language translation sector. However, even the most advanced artificial intelligence translation services aren't going to force human translators out of a job anytime soon. In fact, AI has redefined the sector, bringing exciting new job prospects and career opportunities for translation professionals.Admittedly, AI has made machine translation tools far more reliable in recent years. However, AI still has some ways to go to overcome issues with context, colloquialisms, and tone of voice. In short, artificial intelligence translates text to a point, but it still struggles when it comes to the nuances of language.Artificial intelligence translation also brings significant cost and time savings. When it comes to large datasets, AI and neural machine translation are the only way to go. However, human intervention is still essential to ensure first-rate results.Ultimately, even if artificial intelligence is used to handle translations, there's still a crucial role for human translators. The process operates similarly to transcreation, with flesh-and-bone writers needed to ensure tone and intent are present in the final results. One thing is sure — AI translation, our future, very much needs real humans.Electric cars are not the future (標題無需翻譯)(Source: https://www.ft.com/content/61adc32b-6ce0-4a25-b010-e205a0e5db44)We know that some vehicle is going to replace the combustion-engine car. The EU, UK, California and several other US states will ban sales of new petrol and diesel cars by 2035, with the phasing out starting much earlier. So what will most drivers shift to? Will they take up electric cars — in effect, just a cleaner version of what they already had — or switch modes of transport altogether?Electric cars' biggest downside is the upfront price — currently 30 or 40 per cent higher than for combustion vehicles. Electric vehicles (EVs) may simply be too expensive to expose to the daily vicissitudes of city streets.

二、中翻英Translate the highlighted parts in the following editorial into English (540 characters).技職教育與AI發展的雙面向 (標題無需翻譯)        AI發展突飛猛進，已具備理解、認知、推論、判斷、糾錯、認錯、挑戰及取代的功能，愈來愈多科學家同意，人類與AI距離已相當接近。已開發國家教育界憂心忡忡，既期待又怕受傷害；技職教育首當其衝，欲學習它、運用它，卻擔心難以掌握此雙面鋒。       AI 雙面鋒的特性，展現在它威力極大的創造性和已快速累積的替代性上。世界經濟論壇(WEF)調查指出，二○二七年AI技術將在全球開創六千九百萬個新職缺，但估將減少八千三百萬個現有工作，兩相抵銷，將有一千四百萬人失業，視之為四年後的全球災難並不為過。        面對AI洪水般的取代性，選讀高職和大專技職科系的學生出現優勢。據AI從大數據分析，具原生性、溫度手感及具客製化的中基層技術工作及高技術，較不易被AI取代。譬如電子資訊、軟體、半導體、晶片設計，以及與人有關的服務和技術勞力包括農林漁牧產業，技職教育可強化具教育質量。       據教育部統計，一○九到一一○學年度，高職生大減二十萬，只剩二十六萬；高中生同期微降六萬，維持在二十九萬，顯示選校仍停留在先高中後高職的觀念，在AI時代宜有更多元而務實的調整。       技職教育欲協助年輕世代厚植在AI社會的競爭力，要培養其數據、計算及運作能力，但也不可忽視人文關懷、社會正義、弱勢照顧的涵養與修為，讓學生體認AI應役於人而非以役人。如任AI隨意發展，福禍還未可知。(Source: https://www.mdnkids.com/content.asp?Link_String_=218T00000COUBSB)

Read the following writing prompt and compose a well-structured three-paragraph essay in accordance with the guidelines specified in the prompt. Refer to any TESOL or learning theories, and incorporate concrete examples to strengthen your points.Please read the following passage from Baskara (2023) to develop a comprehensive understanding in preparation for the upcoming discussion that you are required to deliver.The use of ChatGPT in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) writing instruction has gained increased attention due to its potential to provide numerous benefits, contributing to the enhancement of EFL learners' writing proficiency. These benefits include personalized feedback and support, motivating EFL learners through the natural language capabilities offered by OpenAI, and facilitating the development of writing skills. However, the utilization of ChatGPT also introduces several challenges. For instance, ChatGPT may exhibit bias - a phenomenon attributed to the quality and diversity of the text datasets used to train the AI and NLP (Natural Language Processing) technology, as well as the underlying algorithms and models employed by the AI and NLP technology.[Paragraph 1]In the first paragraph of your essay, discuss one common challenge faced in traditional writing classes and elaborate on how ChatGPT can successfully tackle and resolve the challenge.[Paragraph 2]In the second paragraph, explain your perspective on the integration of ChatGPT into EFL writing instruction by describing the specifics of a 20-minute writing lesson activity. Situate your discussion by providing essential details related to the activity, such as target learners, proficiency levels, writing modes, and other relevant factors that characterize the instructional setting in which ChatGPT is employed in the activity.[Paragraph 3]In the third paragraph, describe assessment methods capable of evaluating (i) the developmental progress of the target learners in writing skills resulting from the activity, and (ii) the utilization of ChatGPT by the learners.ReferenceBaskara, F. R. (2023). Integrating ChatGPT into EFL writing instruction: Benefits and challenges. International Journal of Education and Learning, 5(1), 44-55.

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