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3. 關於習得無助感(learned helplessness)的青少年通常最易做何種歸因? (A)將成功歸因於能力,將失敗歸因為努力不夠 (B)將成功歸因於努力,將失敗歸因為能力不夠 (C)將成功歸因於能力,將失敗歸因為運氣不佳 (D)將成功歸因於努力,將失敗歸因為運氣不佳

19. 泰勒(F. W. Taylor)與費堯(H. Fayol)的主張皆教育行政學有重要的影響,下列何者正確? (A)兩者皆強調責任與分工 (B)兩者皆聚焦於基層工作的改進 (C)兩者皆強調非正式組織的影響 (D)兩者皆主張權變原則的運用

42 依確認訴訟之補充性原則,下列何者不受此一原則之限制? (A)確認行政處分違法之訴訟 (B)確認行政處分無效之訴訟 (C)確認公法上法律關係成立之訴訟 (D)確認公法上法律關係不成立之訴訟

2. A sixth-grade English teacher in a private bilingual school notices that many students become anxious when asked to speak English in front of their classmates. To create a more positive learning environment, the teacher transforms the classroom into a comfortable and aesthetically appealing space with soft lighting, colorful posters, and relaxing classical music playing in the background. Before beginning a lesson on travel English, students are invited to sit comfortably, listen to a narrated dialogue accompanied by music, and imagine themselves successfully communicating in an English-speaking country. The teacher believes that reducing psychological barriers and fostering positive emotions can enhance language acquisition.Which language teaching method is MOST clearly reflected in this instructional approach? (A) Suggestopedia, which seeks to lower learners' affective barriers and increase receptivity to language learning through relaxation, positive suggestion, and a supportive learning environment (B) The Audiolingual Method, which emphasizes the formation of correct linguistic habits through repetitive drills and immediate correction of errors (C) The Silent Way, which encourages learners to discover language patterns independently while minimizing teacher talk (D) The Grammar-Translation Method, which promotes mastery of grammatical structures through translation and explicit rule explanation

3. A Grade 8 EMI mathematics teacher introduces new academic vocabulary related to geometry. Rather than directly explaining the meaning of terms or correcting student errors, the teacher presents visual materials and colored rods and encourages students to work collaboratively to identify patterns and formulate explanations. When students make mistakes, the teacher remains largely silent and uses gestures or visual cues to prompt self-correction. The teacher believes that learners develop deeper understanding when they actively construct knowledge rather than receive it directly.  Which teaching method is MOST clearly illustrated in this scenario? (A) Audiolingualism, which promotes automatic language production through repetition and reinforcement (B) The Silent Way, which encourages learner autonomy, problem-solving, and self-discovery while minimizing teacher talk (C) Suggestopedia, which emphasizes relaxation and positive emotional experiences (D) Grammar-Translation, which emphasizes explicit explanation and translation exercises

4. A Taiwanese junior high school teacher preparing students for an English speech contest requires learners to repeat sentence patterns multiple times until pronunciation, grammar, and intonation are produced accurately. The teacher believes that language proficiency develops when correct responses are reinforced and errors are corrected immediately before they become habitual. Which underlying theoretical assumption BEST explains this instructional approach? (A) Language is acquired primarily through social interaction and collaborative meaning- making (B) Language acquisition is facilitated when learners experience low levels of anxiety and heightened suggestibility (C) Language develops naturally when learners construct knowledge independently (D) Language learning involves the formation of automatic habits through stimulus-response practice and reinforcement