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四、請針對以下火羽在溫度層化環境下(Plumes in Temperature - Stratified Ambients)的描述,解讀附圖的物理現象。原文:When a buoyant, turbulent plume rises, it cools by entrainment of ambient air. If the ambient air increases in temperature with height, which is normal in buildings, and the fire source is weak, the temperature difference between the plume and the ambient, which gives the plume buoyancy, may vanish and actually reverse in sign. Eventually the plume ceases to rise.Figure: Theoretical behavior of centerline plume variables in linearly temperature-stratified ambients. Curve A: ratio of temperature rises (stratified versus unstratified), Curve B: ratio of axial velocities. Curve C: ratio of plume radii. Curve D: ratio of volumetric species concentrations. Where z: height above top of combustible (m) and Zm: maximum vertical penetration of plumefluid in stratified ambient (m)

三、請以史帝芬-波茲曼(Stefan-Boltzmann)公式,說明幅射熱熱傳特性(10 分),並針對設備測試、系統功能及性能設計方面,提出 3 種 在防火工程(Fire Safety Engineering)上的運用情境(15 分)。

二、A sinusoidal voltage \( E \sin \omega t \), where \( t \) is time, is passed through a half-wave rectifier that clips the negative portion of the wave. Find the Fourier series of the resulting period function. \[ u(t) = \begin{cases} 0 & \text{if } -L < t < 0 \\ E \sin \omega t & \text{if } 0 < t < L \end{cases} \quad p = 2L = \frac{2\pi}{\omega} \]

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18.《高級中等學校訂定學生服裝儀容規定之原則》提及,學生的服裝儀容於重要活動應遵守學校統一規定,學校對於違反規定者,得視情節,採取適當且合乎比例原則之輔導或管教措施,並不得加以處罰。實際上,為達班級凝聚之目的,同儕會相互約束統一服儀。上述情境最符合涂爾幹(E. Durkheim)的哪一個理論觀點? (A)道德規範 (B)社會正義 (C)權力展演 (D)社會認同

20.某天聽覺障礙的女學生向導師反映,在下課時間,隔壁班的男生經過她身邊時藉機摸她的胸部,讓她感覺非常不舒服。導師立即告知學務處,學校也依規定在 24 小時內向主管機關通報。此乃依循下列哪一種法規進行通報? (A)性騷擾防治法 (B)特殊教育法 (C)學生輔導法 (D)性別平等教育法

24.某日學生在教室爭吵打架,導師馬上積極介入且認為已妥善處理,豈料班上的學生紛紛轉學,隨之,社會輿論沸騰,嚴重影響學校聲譽。此一現象最符合混沌理論的哪一種特性? (A)蝴蝶效應(butterfly effect) (B)奇特吸引子(strange attractor) (C)耗散結構(dissipative structure) (D)回饋機制(feedback mechanism)

20 食品用洗潔劑於波長 365 nm 之紫外燈下觀察,表面發出紫-藍白色之光線,則此洗潔劑可能含 有何種成分? (A)砷 (B)壬基苯酚類界面活性劑 (C)螢光增白劑 (D)甲醇

12. In which of the following instances would the deadweight loss of the tax on cartons of cigarettes increase by a factor of 9? (A) The tax on cartons of cigarettes increases from $10 to $11. (B) The tax on cartons of cigarettes increases from $10 to $20. (C) The tax on cartons of cigarettes increases from $10 to $30. (D) The tax on cartons of cigarettes increases from $10 to $90.

13. When marginal cost is rising, average variable cost (A) must be rising. (B) must be falling. (C) must be constant. (D) could be rising or falling.