107年 - [無官方正解]107 國立嘉義大學_轉學生招生考試試題：解剖生理學#144664

1. The lumen of which of the following systems is part of the internal environment? (A) gastrointestinal system (B) respiratory system (C) cardiovascular system (D) urinary system (E) gastrointestinal and urinary systems

2. ______ is a polysaccharide found in animal cells, whereas ______ is a polysaccharide found in plants that can be degraded by humans. (A) Galactose : starch (B) Glycogen : starch (C) Glycogen : cellulose (D) Lactose : starch (E) Galactose : cellulose

3. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the following reaction: $$\text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \leftrightarrow \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3$$, then $$\text{H}_2\text{CO}_3$$ dissociates reversibly to form $$\text{H}^+ + \text{HCO}_3^-$$ When tissue becomes more active, carbon dioxide increases due to its production in ______, causing hydrogen ion concentration to ______. (A) the cytosol : increase (B) the cytosol : decrease (C) mitochondria : increase (D) mitochondria : decrease (E) both the cytosol and mitochondria : decrease

4. A beaker with a membrane is separating two solutions, initially of equal volumes. The solution on side A is 100 mM KCl while the solution on side B is 150 mM sucrose. The membrane is not permeable to ions or carbohydrates. In what way will the water move? (A) down its concentration gradient from side B to side A (B) down its concentration gradient from side A to side B (C) In osmosis, water moves against its concentration gradient. (D) As sucrose dissociates, it creates more individual molecules in solution and is therefore the higher concentration gradient. (E) There is no movement of water.

5. Identify the two enzymes involved in converting tyrosine into dopamine. (A) dopamine β-hydroxylase and propeptide (B) cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase (C) tyrosine β hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase (D) andenylate cyclase and phospholipase C (E) cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone

6. What anterior pituitary hormone is NOT a tropic hormone? (A) prolactin (B) growth hormone (C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (D) follicle stimulating hormone (E) luteinizing hormone

7. What type of ion channels in the membrane of neurons allows ions to move across the membrane at rest and thereby contribute to resting membrane potential? (A) voltage-gated channels (B) resting channels (C) potential-gated channels (D) leak channels (E) ligand-gated channels

8. What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when potassium channels close? (A) repolarization (B) hyperpolarization (C) depolarization (D) returns to -70 mV (E) membrane stabilization

9. Tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells in the central nervous system create the blood-brain barrier, thereby restricting what type of movement of molecules into the brain? (A) active transport of (B) transcytosis of (C) facilitated diffusion of hydrophobic (D) diffusion of lipophilic (E) diffusion of hydrophilic 

10. Amputation in diabetics is often secondary to what other problem with diabetes?(A) microvascular injury(B) retinopathy(C) hypertension(D) cardiomyopathy(E) renal failure

11. What is the graded change in membrane potential that occurs at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle called?(A) inhibitory postsynaptic potential(B) end-plate potential(C) muscarinic potential(D) adrenergic potential(E) action potential

12. During skeletal muscle contraction, multiple crossbridge cycles are occurring between the same thick and thin filament. Which of the following best describes this process?(A) Crossbridge cycling is highly synchronized between a certain thick and thin filament.(B) Crossbridge cycling is asynchronous between a certain thick and thin filament.(C) No more than one myosin head links to the thin filament at the same time.(D) No more than one myosin head detaches from the thin filament at the same time.(E) Tropomyosin only exposes one binding site on actin at a time allowing only one crossbridge to form with actin at a given time.

13. Which of the following decreases heart rate?(A) increase in venous pressure(B) increase in filling time(C) increase in sympathetic activity(D) increase in parasympathetic activity(E) increase in stroke volume

14. Information about mean arterial pressure is integrated within what area of the central nervous system?(A) cervical spinal cord(B) pons(C) hypothalamus(D) medulla oblongata(E) cerebellum

15. Which statement best describes the function of fibrinogen?(A) It transports lipids, playing a role in clotting and defending the body against foreign substances.(B) It primarily affects the movement of fluid into capillaries by creating an osmotic gradient.(C) It provides the nutrients needed to replicate erythrocytes.(D) It is the key substance in the formation of blood clots.(E) It aids in the structural form of the erythrocyte.

16. What happens to a dust particle that is too large to stay airborne and land in the alveoli?(A) It lands in the respiratory bronchiole, where it is coughed out.(B) It lands in the bronchi, where it is absorbed.(C) It lands in the mucociliary ladder, where type II macrophages phagocytize them.(D) It lands in the mucociliary ladder and moves to the pharynx to be swallowed.(E) It lands in the mucociliary ladder, where it is moved to the trachea to be exhaled.

17. Which of the following can increase the concentration of a particular gas in a solution?(A) Increase the partial pressure of that gas exposed to the solution.(B) Increase the volume of the container containing the gas and solution.(C) Increase the volume of the gas only.(D) Increase the volume of the solution only.(E) Decrease the concentration of other gases in the solution.

18. During what renal process are molecules selectively removed from the tubule lumen, moved into the interstitial space, and removed from the kidneys by the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta?(A) filtration(B) secretion(C) excretion(D) reabsorption(E) absorption

19. Bicarbonate crosses the apical membrane of the proximal tubule by(A) $$\text{HCO}_3^- / \text{Cl}^-$$ countertransporters.(B) $$\text{Na}^+/\text{HCO}_3^-$$ cotransporters.(C) conversion to carbon dioxide.(D) $$\text{HCO}_3^-$$ active transporters.(E) $$\text{Na}^+/\text{HCO}_3^-$$ countertransporters.

20. Once the chyme begins to enter the duodenum, it must first be ______ before any of the enzymes in the pancreatic juices can be activated.(A) deacidified(B) acidified(C) dehydrated(D) hydrated(E) phosphorylated

1. 請以前被(Thoracic limb)之骨骼組成，說明鍵為偶蹄類動物。(25 分)