所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)-經濟學
1. If the price of automobiles decreases substantially, the demand curve for automobiles would most likely (A) shift rightward. (B) shift leftward. (C) remain unchanged. (D) become steeper.
2. The labor supply curve is (A) positively sloped when leisure is a normal good. (B) positively sloped when leisure is an inferior good. (C) backward-bending when leisure is an inferior good. (D) None of the above.
3. Compare the price elasticity of demand for coffee and for latte. (A) The demand for coffee is more elastic than the demand for latte. (B) The demand for latte is more elastic than the demand for coffee. (C) The demand for coffee and the demand for latte are equally elastic. (D) There is no sufficient information to tell.
4. The reason why China trades with countries with high labor cost, such as the United States, is because (A) the United States has absolute advantages in some productions. (B) the United States has absolute advantages in all productions. (C) the United States has comparative advantages in some productions. (D) the United States has comparative advantages in all productions.
5. You have purchased a ticket for a concert at $200. At the evening of the concert, some people outside of the concert hall without tickets are willing to pay you $500 for your ticket. You decide not to sell and attend the concert. How much did the concert ticket cost you? (A) $500. (B) $300. (C) $200. (D) $700.
6. The demand facing a perfectly competitive firm is (A) perfectly elastic. (B) perfectly inelastic. (C) unitary elastic. (D) downward-sloping.
7. If an economy is producing efficiently, then (A) there is no way to produce more of one good without producing less of another good. (B) it is possible to produce more of both goods without increasing the quantities of inputs that are being used. (C) it is possible to produce more of one good without producing less of the other. (D) it is not possible to produce more of any good at any cost.
8. To construct the market demand for a private good, we should sum the quantity each consumer demands (A) at a given price. (B) at all prices and then sum this amount across all consumers. (C) All of the above. (D) None of the above.
9. In the labor market, if the government imposes a minimum wage that is below the equilibrium wage, then (A) workers who wish to work at the minimum wage will have a difficult time finding jobs. (B) firms will hire fewer workers than without the minimum wage law. (C) some workers may lose their jobs as a result. (D) nothing will happen to the wage rate or employment.
10. Mike was selling his used car. He asked for a price of $220,000, and he decided he would take no less than $200,000. After some negotiation, Smith purchased the car for $205,000. Smith's consumer surplus is (A) $5,000. (B) $15,000. (C) $20,000. (D) not able to be calculated from the information given.
11. Over time, people have come to rely more on market-produced goods and less on goods that they produce for themselves. For example, busy people with high incomes, rather than cleaning their own houses, hire people to clean their houses. By itself, this change has (A) caused GDP to fall. (B) not caused any change in GDP. (C) caused GDP to rise. (D) probably changed GDP, but in an uncertain direction; the direction of the change depends on the difference in the quality of the cleaning that has resulted.
12. Suppose the price of gasoline increases rapidly, and that consumers respond by buying a smaller quantity of gasoline. The consumer price index (A) reflects this price increase accurately. (B) understates the price increase due to the so-called income bias. (C) overstates the price increase due to the so-called income bias. (D) overstates the price increase due to the so-called substitution bias.
13. If there are diminishing returns to capital, then (A) capital produces fewer goods as it ages. (B) old ideas are not as useful as new ones. (C) increases in the capital stock eventually decrease output. (D) increases in the capital stock increase output by ever smaller amounts.
14. Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is $11 trillion, consumption is $7 trillion, taxes are $3 trillion and the government runs a surplus of $1 trillion. What are private saving and national saving? (A) $4 trillion and $1 trillion (B) $4 trillion and $5 trillion (C) $1 trillion and $2 trillion (D) $1 trillion and $1 trillion
15. Suppose some country had an adult population of about 25 million, the labor-force participation rate was 60 percent, and the unemployment rate was 6 percent. What were the number of people employed and the number of people in the labor force? (A) 11.75 million and 12.5 million (B) 13.5 million and 15 million (C) 14 million and 12.5 million (D) 14.1 million and 15 million
16. Suppose that banks decide to hold more excess reserves relative to deposits. Other things the same, this action will cause the (A) money supply to fall. To reduce the impact of this, the Central Bank could lower the discount rate. (B) money supply to fall. To reduce the impact of this, the Central Bank could raise the discount rate. (C) money supply to rise. To reduce the impact of this, the Central Bank could lower the discount rate. (D) money supply to rise. To reduce the impact of this, the Central Bank could raise the discount rate.
17. According to the classical dichotomy, when the money supply doubles, which of the following double? (A) The price level and nominal GDP (B) The price level and real GDP (C) Only real GDP (D) Only the price level
18. If the actual price level is 165, but people had been expecting it to be 160, then (A) the quantity of output supplied rises, but only in the short run. (B) the quantity of output supplied rises in the short run and the long run. (C) the quantity of output supplied falls, but only in the short run. (D) the quantity of output supplied falls in the short run and the long run.
19. Which of the following correctly explains the crowding-out effect? (A) An increase in government expenditures decreases the interest rate and so increases investment spending. (B) An increase in government expenditures increases the interest rate and so reduces investment spending. (C) A decrease in government expenditures increases the interest rate and so increases investment spending. (D) A decrease in government expenditures decreases the interest rate and so reduces investment spending.
20. The long-run Phillips curve would shift left if (A) the money supply increased or if the minimum wage was reduced. (B) the money supply increased but not if the minimum wage was reduced. (C) the minimum wage was reduced but not if the money supply increased. (D) None of the above.
II. 問答題 (每大題 10 分，共 20 分) 1. 假設有一群人每天要行經一高速公路上下班，在十台車(含)以內的車流量時，此高速公路不會壅塞(多一台車使用此高速公路不會降低其他車的車速)，每位駕駛會花 30 分鐘的行車時間通勤。但是當總車數超過十台車時，此高速公路開始壅塞，每多一台車會增加所有駕駛每人 2 分鐘的通勤時間。車流量與相對應的每人行車時間如下表。除此高速公路外，替代道路為一般公路，但要花 60 分鐘的行車時間。 若此高速公路不收費，請問會有幾台車使用此高速公路？此車流量符合經濟效率嗎？為什麼？若你的答案為否，請說明符合經濟效率的車流量應為多少。
(a)Purchasing-power parity
(b)Government budget deficit & government debt
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