111年 - 111-1 交通部航港局_船員岸上晉升適任性評估筆試測驗_一等輪機長：輪機英文實作評估#141478

(a) Combustion in diesel engines can be divided into three different phases. The first phase involves evaporation and mixing of the early injected fuel with the air in the cylinder. During this phase, certain pre-reactions occur prior to actual combustion.

(b) The combustion does not occur as soon as evaporated fuel mixes with the hot cylinder air. During this delay period, fuel air mixture is forming continuously. As soon as the actual combustion starts, the fuel air mixture formed during the delay period ignites and burns rapidly, as it is already mixed and ready to go. This is the second phase of combustion or premixed phase, which typically produces the highest pressure rise rates.

(c) After this pre-mix of fuel and air formed during the delay period is consumed, the combustion rate becomes controlled by the rate of evaporation and mixing of the fuel and air. This is the third phase or diffusion controlled phase.

(d) The length of the delay period is a function of the fuel ignition characteristics and the temperature in the combustion chamber. Reducing the length of the delay period reduces the amount of fuel consumed in the second phase.

(e) The length of the delay period is basically independent of engine speed (apart from the effects of engine speed and load on fuel spray evaporation and mixing as well as compression pressure and temperature), so the proportion of total fuel injected during the delay period is greater in medium speed diesels than in slow speed diesels.

(a) 氣瓶與其軟管是否狀況良好且固定妥適？

(b) 呼吸器是否持續運轉並保持工作空間的通風？

(c) 個人防護裝備是否穿戴正確？

(d) 消防裝備已準備好供使用了嗎？

(e) 隨附的檢查清單和紀錄已填寫完成。

 (a) Present should be the auditor and appropriate managers of the auditee. On board ships in port the fact that everyone is very busy should be recognized, it is not uncommon that the formal meeting on board a ship is forgone and there is a brief report to the Master or his nominee possibly the Chief Engineer.

(b) At this meeting the auditor should present the findings and ensure that they are understood. The auditor should let the auditee know when the report should be expected.

(c) It is not uncommon for the auditee to ask advice on how the non-conformances can be addressed. When the audit is done internally, it is not uncommon for the auditor to assist but if being done externally care should be exercised before offering advice to the auditee.

(d) Following the issuing of the report which contains the list of conformances and non-conformances the auditor has the duty to "follow up".

(e) The audit process is far from finished with the report, in the case of finding non-conformances the auditor is responsible for ensuring the performance of any corrective action and seeing that the non-conformances are closed out, this procedure is commonly known as the "follow up".