(3) [10 points] Consider an inextensible chain of mass M and length L resting on a frictionless table. A fraction f of its length is hanging vertically over the edge. The chain is released from rest and slides off the table due to its own weight. What is the velocity of the chain right after the entire chain slides off the table? The gravitational acceleration is g.

(A) \(\sqrt{gL(1-f)}\)

(B) \(\sqrt{gL(1-3f)}\)

(C) \(\sqrt{gL(3-f)}\)

(D) \(\sqrt{2gL(1-f)}\)

(E) \(\sqrt{gL(1-f^{2})}\)

(4) [10 points] What is the gravitational potential of an infinitely large and infinitely thin plate with a surface density (i.e., mass per area) of $\sigma$ located in the $z=0$ plane? The gravitational constant is $G$.(A) $\pi G\sigma|z|$(B) $\pi G\sigma$(C) $\pi G\sigma z^{2}$(D) $2\pi G\sigma|z|$(E) $G\sigma/|z|$

(5) [10 points] A particle of rest mass of m and a velocity of v=0.8~c (where c is the speed of light) in the lab frame collides inelastically (i.e., the two particles stick together after the collision) with another particle of the same mass that is at rest. What is the rest mass (or invariant mass) of the composite particle after collision?(A) $\sqrt{10}m$(B) 2m/3(C) 2m(D) 8m/3(E) $4m/\sqrt{3}$

(6) [10 points] Consider a closed box of ideal gas divided into two parts by a gate. The left part has a volume of V and contains N particles in thermal equilibrium, while the right part has a volume of  2V and contains zero particles (i.e., a vacuum). The number of the accessible microstates of the gas is $\Omega{1}$. If the gate is suddenly removed, the gas fills the entire box and reaches a new equilibrium with a different number of the accessible microstates $\Omega{2}$. What is the ratio $\Omega{2}/\Omega{1}$?(A) 1(B) $2\ln N$(C) $N^{2}$(D) $3^{N}$(E) N

(7) [10 points] The Bohr radius is the characteristic size of a hydrogen atom, which can be expressed by a combination of fundamental constants. Choose the correct expression for the Bohr radius. Here, $\hbar$ is the reduced Planck constant, k is the Coulomb constant, $m_{e}$ is the electron mass, $e$ is the electron charge, and $G$ is the gravitational constant.(A) $\frac{\hbar^{2}}{km_{e}e^{2}}$(B) $\frac{G\hbar^{2}m_{e}}{k^{2}e^{2}}$(C) $\frac{\hbar^{2}}{Gm_{e}^{3}e^{2}}$(D) $\frac{\hbar^{2}}{m_{e}^{2}e^{2}\sqrt{Gk}}$(E) $\sqrt{\frac{\hbar^{2}}{Gm_{e}e^{2}}}$

(8) [10 points] Consider a positively charged particle with charge q and mass m initially at rest in a uniform electric field of $E{0}$ along the +y-axis and a uniform magnetic field $B{0}$ along the +z-axis (i.e., the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other). Once released, the particle undergoes a cycloid motion under the Lorentz force. What is the maximum displacement of the particle along the y-axis?(A) $\frac{mE{0}}{qB{0}^{2}}$(B) $\frac{2mE{0}}{qB{0}^{2}}$(C) $\frac{mE{0}}{2qB{0}^{2}}$(D) $\frac{mE{0}}{qB{0}^{3}}$(E) $\frac{mE{0}}{\sqrt{2}qB{0}^{2}}$

(9) [10 points] A charged particle with charge q and mass m is initially at the origin with a initial velocity $v=v_{0}\hat{z}$ along the z-axis. The particle is in a nonuniform magnetic field: $B(x,y)=-y\hat{x}+x\hat{y}$. What is the work done by the magnetic field along the trajectory when the particle moves a distance L along the z direction?(A) $mv_{0}^{2}/2$(B) $mv_{0}^{2}/L$(C) 0(D) $mv_{0}^{2}/q$(E) $v_{0}^{2}L/q$

(10) [10 points] An electron is confined in an infinite 1D potential well. Suppose the infinite potential well is suddenly lowered to a finite height $U_{0}$ that is still significantly larger than the initial ground-state energy. How would the de Broglie wavelength λ and kinetic energy of the electron E change accordingly?(A) Both increase(B) Both decrease(C) λ increases and E decreases(D) λ decreases and E increases(E) λ increases and E remains unchanged

1. 游標卡尺無法直接量測的是 (A)深度 (B)錐度 (C)外徑 (D)內徑。

2. 1/20 公制游標卡尺其精度為 (A)0.02mm (B)0.03mm (C)0.05mm (D)0.01mm。

3. 1/20 公厘精度的游標卡尺，其原理為 (A)本尺 20 公厘，游尺(副尺)30 等分 (B)本尺 19 公厘，游尺 20 等分 (C)本尺 49 公厘，游尺 50 等分 (D) 本尺 50 公厘，游尺 49 等分。

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