11. 下列何者是目前臨床上用來偵測心輸出量的黃金標準(gold standard)？ (A)肺動脈導管(pulmonary artery catheter, PAC)熱稀釋法 (B)脈膊波形分析(pulse contour analysis) (C)經食道心臟超音波 (transesophageal echocardiography, TEE) (D)經肺熱稀釋法 (transpulmonary thermodilution) 試題公告