12. Which one is NOT required for microtubule assembly?
(A) α-tubulin
(B) β-tubulin
(C) Polymerase
(D) ATP
(E) GTP

13. Which one can be directly used in detecting apoptosis?(A) Annexin V (B) Propodium iodide (C) Sodium vanadate (D) Trypsin (E) lipopolysaccharide

14. Which one is NOT involved in cell cycle checkpoint? (A) Cyclin D (B) Rb (C) ATR (D) ATM (E) Cdc20

15. What is not the function of SDS in SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)? (A) It is a detergent. (B) It dissociates protein complexes. (C) It coats the protein surface a negative charge. (D) It destroys the disulfide bond. (E) It denatures proteins.

16. Which one of the following is not involved in steroid hormone action? (A) Cell surface receptors (B) Hormone-receptor complexes (C) Specific DNA sequences (D) Transcription activation and repression (E) Zinc fingers

17. Which technique is not used for protein structure determination? (A) X-ray crystallography (B) Circular dichroism (CD) (C) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (D)Confocal microscopy (E) Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM)

18. Which of the following is not known to be involved in transcription initiation by eukaryotic RNA polymerase II? (A) DNA helicase activity (B) DNA polymerase activity (C) Chromatin remodeling (D)Pol II pausing at about 30-50 nt downstream of the transcription start site (E) Protein phosphorylation

19. Which is not the loss-of-function method to study a gene function? (A) RNA interference (B) Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (C) Zinc finger nuclease (D) Gene targeting (E) Finger printing

20. What is incorrect about reverse transcriptase (RT)? (A) Telomerase is one kind of RT. (B) It is found in retrovirus. (C) It synthesizes DNA from 3' to 5' (D) It needs a primer and template. (E) It is essential for cDNA synthesis.

21. Which of the following statements regarding Vesicle transport is incorrect? (1) Vesicle budding recruits proteins that are needed for subsequent selective vesicle targeting and fusion. (2) Clathrin coated vesicles are pinched off in a dynamin-mediated process.  (3) Vesicle transport along actin filaments is driven by myosin II. (A) (1) (B) (2) (C) (3) (D) (1) and (2) (E) (2) and (3)

22. Which of the following statements regarding Golgi apparatus is correct? (1) Each cisterna or region of the Golgi contains different protein modification enzymes.  (2) The Golgi enzymes catalyze the addition of sugars sulfate groups and the addition of phosphate groups onto cargo proteins. (3) Some Golgi-mediated modifications act as signals to direct the proteins to their final destinations within cells, including the lysosome and the plasma membrane. (A) (1) (B) (2) (C) (3) (D) (1) and (2) (E) All are correct.

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