13.
(A) Coenzyme Q,
(B) Cytochrome P450,
(C) Cytochrome a,
(D) Cytochrome b,
(E) Cytochrome c is a central signaling component in the intrinsic of apoptosis.

14. Which of the following statements is not true? (A) Formation of the glycosidic bond between two sugar monomers in an oligosaccharide is a condensation reaction, involving the elimination of a molecule of water. (B) The most common linkages between sugar residues have 1→1, 1→ 2,1→ 3, 1→ 4, and 1→ 6, but is absent 1→ 5. (C) Glycosaminoglycans are acidic (anionic), through the presence of either sulfate or carboxylate groups. (D) Fucose presents on cell surface is recognized by the influenza virus. (E) Dolichol phosphate is the mediator of N-linked glycoproteins acquired the initial sugars in the endoplasmic reticulum.

15. Which of the following statements is not true? (A) CO blocks the flow of electrons from coenzyme Q to cytochrome c oxidoreductase. (B) 2,4-Dinitrophenol increases oxygen consumption while decreasing ATP synthesis. (C) Cytochrome P450 involves in hydroxylating a large variety of compounds. (D) Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is the electrons of cytosolic NADH from glycolysis enter mitochondrial electron transport chain to yield 1.5 ATP/NADH. (E) Oligomycin decreases both oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis.

16. When you run the mixture protein sample using SDS-PAGE, which of following protein could be moved fast toward the bottom of the gel? (A) cytochrome c, Mr = 13,000 (B) immunoglobulin G, Mr = 145,000 (C) ribonuclease A, Mr = 13,700 (D) RNA polymerase, Mr = 450,000 (E) serum albumin, Mr = 68,500

17. For amino acids with neutral R groups, at any pH below the pI of the amino acid, the population of amino acids in solution will have: (A) a net positive charge. (B) a net negative charge. (C) no net charge. (D) no charged groups. (E) positive and negative charges in equal concentration.

18. A compound has a pKa of 7.4. To 100 mL of a 1.0 M solution of this compound at pH 8.0 is added 30 mL of 1.0 M hydrochloric acid. The pH value of resulting solution is: (A) 7.5 (B) 7.4 (C) 7.2 (D) 6.8 (E) 6.5

19. One method used to prevent disulfide bond interference with protein sequencing procedures is: (A) cleaving proteins with proteases that specifically recognize disulfide bonds. (B) reducing disulfide bridges and preventing their re-formation by further modifying the－SH groups. (C) removing cysteines from protein sequences by proteolytic cleavage. (D) protecting the disulfide bridge against spontaneous reduction to cysteinyl sulfhydryl groups. (E) sequencing proteins that do not contain cysteinyl residues.

20. A sequence of amino acids in a certain protein is found to be –Ser-Gly-Pro-Gly-. The sequence is most probably part of a(n): (A) α helix (B) α sheet (C) β turn (D) parallel β sheet (E) antiparallel β sheet

21. An average protein will not be denatured by: (A) urea (B) pH10 (C) iodoacetic acid (D) heating to 90℃ (E) a detergent such as sodium dodecyl sulfate.

22. Myoglobin and the subunits of hemoglobin have: (A) no obvious structural relationship. (B) very similar primary and tertiary structures. (C) very different primary and tertiary structures. (D) very similar tertiary structures, but different primary structures. (E) very similar primary structures, but different tertiary structures.

23. The proteins of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) bind and display: (A) macrophage fragments. (B) T cell fragments. (C) B cell fragments. (D) antigen fragments. (E) immunoglobin fragments.

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