13. Which compound is an intermediate of the B-oxidation of fatty acids?
(A)
(B)
(C) CH₃CH₂-CO-CH₂-OH
(D) CH₃-CH₂-CO-CO-S-CoA
(E) CH₃- CO- CH₂- CO-S-CoA

14. The major carrier(s) of dietary fat from the intestine is (are): (A) VLDL. (B) chylomicrons. (C) HDL. (D) LDL. (E) IDL.

15. What molecule contributes at least two nitrogen atoms to each purine? (A) asparagine (B) 10-formyltetrahydrofolate (C) glycine (D) glutamine (E) carbamoyl phosphate

16. Which of the following best explains the enzyme(s) involved in ribonucleotide reduction? (A) there is 1 enzyme for each of the 4 different nucleotides (B) 1 enzyme for pyrimidine nucleotides and 1 for purine nucleotides (C) 1 enzyme for pyrimidine nucleotides, 1 for ADP and I for GDP (D) 1 enzyme for purine nucleotides, 1 for CDP and 1 for UDР (E) 1 enzyme for all 4 nucleotides

17. Which of the following molecules uses chorismate as a precursor? (A) p-aminobenzoic acid (B) coenzyme Q (C) phenylalanine (D) tryptophan (E) all of the above

18. What are the products of the following transamination?  (A) glutamine and pyruvate  (B) a-ketoglutarate and alanine (C) glutamate and alanine (D) oxaloacetate and alanine (E) aspartate and pyruvate

1. When mitochondria are actively carrying out aerobic respiration(A)the pH of the matrix is greater than the pH of the intermembrane space.(B)the pH of the matrix is less than the pH of the intermembrane space.(C)the pH ofthe matrix is about the same as the pH of the intermembrane space.(D)the pH of the matrix versus the intermembrane space has nothing to do with whether not aerobic respiration is occurring.

2. The fate of pyruvate produced during glycolysis depends primarily on the availability of(A)NAD+ to keep the pathway going.(B)molecular oxygen.(C)ADP for conversion to ATP.(D)coenzyme A for further metabolism of pyruvate.(E)phosphoric acid for the synthesis of ATP.

3. In humans, pyruvate can be converted to(A)acetyl-CoA only.(B)lactate only.(C)ethanol only.(D)acetyl-CoA and lactate.

4. The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate(A)is so strongly exergonic that it does not require a catalyst.(B)is an exergonic reaction not coupled to any other reaction.(C)is an endergonic reaction that takes place because it is coupled to the exergonic hydrolysis of ATP.(D)is an exergonic reaction that is coupled to the endergonic hydrolysis of ATP.

5. Which of the following is not a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?(A)pyruvate dehydrogenase(B)dihydrolipoyl transacetylase(C)dihydrolipoył dehydrogenase(D)pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase(E) aconitase

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