14. Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote?
(A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(B) Caenorhabditis elegans
(C) Escherichia coli
(D) Drosophila melanogaster
(E) Arabidopsis thaliana

15. Which scientist made a significant contribution to the technology of DNA sequencing? (A) K. B. Mullis(B) F. Sanger (C) A. D. Hershey and M. Chase (D) S. B. Prusiner (E) J. D. Watson and H. C. Crick.

16. Which of the following reactions is not located in the mitochondria? (A) β-oxidation (B) cholesterol biosynthesis (C) ketone body synthesis (D) tricarboxylic acid cycle (E) electron transport and oxidative

17. Which amino acid listed below can serve as the precursor for dopamine? (A) Val (B) Leu (C) Trp (D) Thr(E) Tyr

18. A deficiency in folic acid will not impair the metabolism of which of the following amino acids? (A) Met(B) Val (C) Ser (D) Ala (E) His

19. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (A) is the rate-limiting enzyme for triglyceride synthesis (B) is therate-limiting enzyme for estrogen synthesis (C) is activated by lovastatin (D) uses NADH as the cofactor(E) is inhibited by cholesterol.

20. Which of the following descriptions about the Michaelis-Menten rate equation is incorrect? (A) Км measures the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is Vmax/2 (B) kcat is the turnover number that measures the rate of the catalytic process (C) The ratio kcat/KM is a convenient measure of enzyme efficiency (D) A competitive inhibitor increases the apparent KM. (E)Vmax = kcat/KM

21. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) like aspirin and ibuprofen act by blocking production of:(A) vitamin D (B) prostaglandins (C) sphingolipids (D) glycerol (E) none of the above.

22. When a bacterium such as E. coli is shifted from a warmer growth temperature to a cooler growth temperature, it compensates by: (A) increasing its metabolic rate to generate more heat (B) synthesizing thicker membranes to insulate the cell. (C) putting longer-chain fatty acids into its membranes (D) shifting from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism (E) putting more unsaturated fatty acids into its membranes

23. After drinking of coke, the major monosaccharides absorbed into the blood are (A) glucose (B) fructose (C) glucose and fructose (D) glucose and galactose (E) galactose, glucose, and fructose.

24. Which of the following is not a reducing sugar? (A) Glyceraldehyde (B) Glucose (C) Fructose (D) Lactose(E) Sucrose

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