19. Which of the following metabolites is not involved in the amino acid catabolism:
(A) Pyruvate.
(B) α-Ketoglutarate.
(C) Citrulline.
(D) Oxoloacetate.
(E) glycerol.

20. Aminotransferases are enzymes that have all of the following characteristics except: (A) can make an α-ketoacid from an α-amino acid. (B) use pyridoxal phosphate as a carrier of amino groups. (C) catalyze highly reversible reactions. (D) use ATP. (E) serum levels are used as a clinical measure of tissue damage.

21. Which statement is incorrect? (A) The biosynthesis of dNTPs utilizes NTPs as source. (B) Ribonucleotide reductase catalyzes ribose to deoxyribose in all biology. (C) The biosynthesis of dTTP is first to convert dUDP to dUMP and subsequently to dTMP. (D) The biosynthesis of dTDP from dTMP requires ATP as energy source. (E) None of the above.

22. Of the following metabolic pathway, which one is not a source of acetyl-CoA? (A) Amino acid degradation. (B) β-oxidation of fatty acid. (C) Pentose phosphate pathway. (D) Glycolysis. (E) None of the above.

23. Given the saturated fatty acid, . How many β-oxidation cycles would it be required to completely metabolize the given fatty acid? (A) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (D) 6. (E) 7.

24. The function of a molecular chaperone is to: (A) act as an energy source during the polymerization of amino acids into a polypeptide. (B) act as a carrier molecule and bring "activated" monomers to a polymer for incorporation. (C) bind to specific structures on the polypeptide in order to assist the folding of a protein into its correct three dimensional shape. (D) unfold proteins with the incorrect three-dimensional shape and refold them into the proper shape. (E) transport rRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

25. In the transcription of DNA to RNA the nitrogenous base cytosine will pair with: (A)(B)(C) (D)(E)

26. There are five small proteins A, B, C, D, E. Their sequences are listed below. value of protein A is: (A) 2~3. (B) 4~6. (C) 7~8. (D) 9~10. (E) ＞10.

27. (延續上題) According to the scores in BLOSUM62 (see the figure below), which protein is more close to Protein A in evolution? (A) Protein B. (B) Protein C. (C) Protein D. (D) Protein E. (E) It cannot be judged by sequence homology. (BLOSUM62 matrix provided)

複選題28. Five students are discussing a peptide consisting of nine amino acid residues. Student A: When this peptide is digested by chymotrypsin, you can get a tripeptide and a hexapeptide. Student B: This peptide cannot be cut by cyanogen bromide. Student C: This peptide does not contain any amino acids with two chiral centers Student D: When this peptide is digested by trypsin, you can get a tripeptide and a hexapeptide. Student E: When I dissolved the peptide in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7), this peptide is positively charged. What might be the peptide sequence?(A) MSEFAHKVW.(B) SERLLWATK.(C) QGEKCYIPC.(D) FHRGPWSSM.(E) CSKQAYNDR.

29. Which statement is correct about the Michaelis-Menten constant, Km, for the kinetic mechanism below? (A) Its numeric value has the units of . (B) Its defined as . (C) It is approximately equal to the dissociation constant for the enzyme-substrate complex to E + P. (D) The value of Km is constant for an enzyme regardless of the specific substrate molecule used to determine it. (E) It is numerically equal to the substrate concentration required to achieve one half the maximum velocity.

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