21. Which of the following are found only in organisms containing polycistronic mRNA?
(A) Missense mutations
(B) Polar mutations
(C) Temperature-sensitive mutations
(D) Alternative splicing sites

22. An E. coli strain lacking DNA polymerase I would be deficient in DNA (A) repair (B) methylation (C) splicing (D) degradation (E) transcription

23. Indicate the order in which the following steps occur in the production of a mature mRNA. (A) initiation of transcription, splicing, addition of 5" cap, addition of polyA. tail, transport to cytoplasm (B) initiation of transcription, addition of 5' cap, splicing, addition of polyA. tail, transport to cytoplasm (C) initiation of transcription, addition of polyA. tail, addition of 5' cap, splicing, transport to cytoplasm (D) initiation of transcription, addition of 5' cap, addition of polyA. tail, splicing, transport to cytoplasm

24. Assuming that there is single hormone-responsive regulatory element in the gene, that element is located between (A)-742 and -638 (B)-638 and -424 (C) -424 and-315 (D)-315 and -116 (E)-116 and -27

25. A new construct was made that began at -742 and was identical to that shown in the figure except that the sequences between -424 and -315 were inverted. In this new construct, which of the following are closest to the expected CAT activities in the absence and presence, respectively, of hormone? (A) 25 units/250 units (B) 25 units/25 units (C) 50 units/50 units (D) 5 units/50 units (E) 5 units/5 units

26. DNA chips are used (A) to sequence DNA. (B) in DNA fingerprinting. (C) to determine which genes are silent or are being expressed. (D) in PCR. (E) for all of these.

27. An advantage of x-ray crystallography relative to NMR for structure determination is that using x-ray crystallography: (A) It is easier to solve the structure of transmembrane domain-containing proteins. (B) It is easier to grow crystals than to prepare samples for NMR. (C) It is easier to interpret diffraction data. (D) It is easier to determine the structures of large proteins.

28. While there are many definitions of "functional genomics," select the best of these choices: (A) The assignment of function to genes based primarily on genomewide gene expression data using techniques such as microarrays or SAGE (B) The assignment of function to genes based primarily on comprehensive surveys of protein-protein interactions and protein networks (C) The combined use of genetic, biochemical, and cell biological approaches to study the function of a particular gene, its mRNA product, and its corresponding protein product (D) The assignment of function to genes and proteins using genomewide screens and analyses

29. Reverse genetics approaches involve (A) Systematically inhibiting the functions of one or many genes (or gene products), and measuring the phenotypic consequences correctly. (B) Measuring a phenotype of interest (such as cell growth), applying an intervention (such as radiation exposure) to generate a large collection of mutants, and identifying changes to the phenotype of interest. (C) Treating an organism with a chemical mutagen or other agent to induce mutations, observing a phenotype of interest, and mapping the gene(s) responsible for the phenotype. (D) all of the above.

30. The term "whole-genome shotgun sequencing" refers to: (A) A strategy to sequence an entire genome by breaking up DNA and sequencing using oligonucleotide primers that span the genomic DNA.. (B) A strategy to sequence an entire genome by breaking up DNA, cloning it into libraries, and sequencing using oligonucleotide primers that correspond to know chromosomal locations (contigs). (C) A strategy to sequence an entire genome by breaking up DNA, cloning it into libraries, hybridizing small fragments, then reassembling the fragments into a complete map. (D) A strategy to sequence an entire genome by breaking up DNA, cloning it into libraries, sequencing small fragments, then reassembling the fragments into a complete map.

31. A major advantage of two-dimensional protein gels as a high-throughput technology for protein analysis is that: (A) Sample preparation and the process or running two-dimensional gels is straightforward and can be automated. (B) The result of two-dimensional gels includes data on both the size and the charge of thousands of proteins. (C) The etechnique is well suited to the detection of low-abundance proteins. (D) The technique is well suited to the detection of hydrophobic proteins.

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