22. The PCR reaction mixture does not include:
(A) DNA containing the sequence to be amplified.
(B) heat-stable DNA polymerase.
(C) DNA ligase.
(D) oligonucleotide primer(s).
(E) all four deoxynucleoside triphosphates.

23. In DNA sequencing by the Sanger (dideoxy) method: (A) the role of the dideoxy CTP is to occasionally terminate enzymatic synthesis of DNA where Gs occur in the template strands. (B) radioactive dideoxy ATP is included in each of four reaction mixtures. (C) radioactive labeling is not required. (D) restriction enzymes are used to cut the newly synthesized DNA into small pieces. (E) the template DNA strand is radioactive.

1. Calculate the pI for the peptide which has the amino acid sequence "CRYDENTH". Use the following table as reference and assume the pKa of each residue as that of the corresponding free amino acid. The pI of the peptide is: (A) 5.125. (B) 9.125. (C) 9.24. (D) 3.95. (E) 8.035.

2. Which of the following best represents the backbone arrangement of two peptide bonds? (A) Ca-N-Ca-C-Ca-N-Ca-C (B) Ca-N-C-C-N-Ca (C) C-N-Ca-Ca-C-N (D) Ca-C-N-Ca-C-N (E) Ca-Ca-C-N-Ca-Ca-C

複選題3. Emma wants to analyze the sequence of the following peptide "GHYEFLLCRGDENTTCLNKM". She uses several agents to treat the sample. Which of the following description is       correct      ? (A) If she uses phenylisothiocynate, she can get the information for the first residue only. (B) If she uses trypsin, she can get the peptide "RGDENTTCLN". (C) In order to know whether this peptide has disulfide bond, she can treat the sample with or without cyanogen bromide (CNBr) before trypsin digestion and compare the result. If cyanogen bromide makes no difference, it suggests that no disulfide bond formation in this peptide. (D) If she uses chymotrypsin, she can get the peptide "EFLLCRGDENTTCLNKM". (E) If she uses pepsin, she can get the peptide "EFLLCRGD".

4. Which one is       correct      ? (A) D-glucose and D-galactose are different on C2. (B) α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose are different on C4. (C) D-glucose and D-glucosamine are different on C2. (D) D-glucose and D-glucuronic acid are different on C1. (E) D-glucose and D-glucuronic acid are different on C2.

5. Which of the following is not known to be involved in the process of assisted folding of proteins? (A) Chaperonins. (B) Peptide bond hydrolysis. (C) Heat shock proteins. (D) Disulfide interchange. (E) Peptide bond isomerization.

6. When Samuel is doing protein purification for a mixture of three proteins (protein A with pI 4, protein B with pI 9, protein C with pI 7), which statement in the following is       correct      ? (A) When the mixture is adjusted to pH 6, only protein A can bind in an anion exchange column. (B) When the mixture is adjusted to pH 8, protein B can not bind in a cation exchange column. (C) When the mixture is adjusted to pH 10, the elution sequence in a gel filtration column is A-C-B. (D) When the mixture is adjusted to pH 8, only protein B can bind in an anion exchange column. (E) When the mixture is adjusted to pH 10, all three proteins can not bind in an anion exchange column.

7. One of the enzymes involved in metabolism requires for catalysis. Under conditions of magnesium deficiency, when the enzyme may lack magnesium, it would be referred to as the: (A) substrate. (B) coenzyme. (C) holoenzyme. (D) prosthetic group. (E) apoenzyme.

8. The role of an enzyme in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is to: (A) bind a transition state intermediate, such that it cannot be converted back to substrate. (B) ensure that the product is more stable than the substrate. (C) decrease the rate at which substrate is converted into product. (D) decrease the activation energy for the conversion of substrate to product. (E) ensure that all of the substrate is converted to product.

9. The number of substrate molecules converted to product in a given unit of time by a single enzyme molecule at saturation is referred to as the: (A) turnover number. (B) maximum velocity. (C) dissociation constant. (D) Michaelis-Menten number. (E) association constant.

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