28.
(A) disposal
(B) core
(C) expense
(D) mercy

29. (A) to be programmed(B) programming(C) having programmed(D) programmed

30. (A) boosting(B) reducing(C) stabilizing(D) monitoring

31. The phrase "grueling in execution" in paragraph 2 primarily serves to highlight the contrast between(A) the simplicity of the technical concept and the harsh reality of implementing it through human labor(B) OpenAI's public mission statement and its private financial arrangements with investors(C) the efficiency of machine learning and the inefficiency of traditional software engineering(D) the theoretical promise of AI safety research and the lack of academic interest in pursuing it

32. Based on the information in paragraph 3, the disparity between the $12.50 hourly rate paid to the contracting firm and the approximately $1.32-$2.00 received by individual workers most directly illustrates(A) how multinational corporations use exchange-rate differences to inflate reported philanthropic contributions(B) the Kenyan government's failure to enforce labor protections for workers in the technology sector(C) OpenAI's deliberate strategy to minimize expenditures by selecting the lowest bidder among competing firms(D) the extent to which intermediary outsourcing structures can absorb the majority of compensation intended for frontline labor

33. Which of the following best describes the author's rhetorical strategy in the final paragraph?(A) Presenting a balanced evaluation of both the benefits and limitations of data-labeling work in developing economies(B) Proposing specific regulatory reforms that would improve conditions for outsourced AI workers(C) Broadening the scope from a single case study to a systemic critique of how the AI industry distributes costs and visibility(D) Conceding that the exploitation described in the article is an inevitable consequence of global economic inequality

34. The passage suggests that the contracting firm's decision to terminate its projects with OpenAI was motivated by(A) a single factor: the firm's genuine concern for employee welfare after exposure to disturbing content(B) primarily financial considerations, as the contracts proved less profitable than initially projected(C) a combination of employee welfare concerns and reputational pressures following media scrutiny of similar outsourcing practices(D) legal threats from Kenyan labor authorities who discovered violations of workplace safety regulations

35. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements?(A) The development of AI safety tools should be halted until fully automated alternatives to human content moderation are available.(B) The AI industry's portrayal of its products as autonomous innovations systematically obscures the essential but exploitative human labor that underpins them.(C) Outsourcing data labeling to workers in developing countries is inherently unethical regardless of the wages or working conditions provided.(D) OpenAI's decision to build a content classifier was unnecessary, since language models can be trained to avoid toxic output without human intervention.

36. The author's assertion that "detecting meaningful differences in these qualities between competently designed typefaces is remarkably difficult" functions in the argument primarily to(A) demonstrate that the State Department made an irrational decision based on personal bias(B) establish that the debate over the font change cannot be resolved on purely technical grounds(C) prove that Calibri and Times New Roman are interchangeable in all professional contexts(D) discredit previous research studies on the relative merits of serif and sans-serif fonts

37. Which of the following best captures the relationship between paragraphs 2 and 4?(A) Paragraph 2 presents evidence that paragraph 4 directly contradicts.(B) Paragraph 2 addresses accessibility concerns that paragraph 4 expands with specific policy recommendations.(C) Both paragraphs argue that serif fonts are objectively superior to sans-serif fonts.(D) Paragraph 2 dismisses functional differences, while paragraph 4 introduces symbolic considerations as a more plausible explanation.

38. The word "gravitas" as used in paragraph 4 most nearly means(A) an impression of solemn dignity and seriousness(B) visual heaviness produced by thicker letter strokes(C) the physical weight of printed documents(D) resistance to change within a bureaucratic organization

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