28. Which of the following components does   NOT   participate in protein degradation?
(A) Lysozyme
(B) Proteasome
(C) E3 ligase
(D) Ubiquitin

34. Which of the following components does   NOT   participate in protein degradation? (A) Ubiquitination (B) Proteasome (C) E3 ligase (D) Lysozyme

29. Which amino acid has the one-letter symbol R? (A) Lysine (B) Arginine (C) Tyrosine (D) Tryptophan

30. Which of the following sequences is   NOT   found in pre-mRNA? (A) Promoter (B) Exon (C) Intron (D) Stop Codon

1. Reverse transcriptases are (A) DNA-dependent DNA polymerases (B) DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (C) RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (D) RNA-dependent RNA polymerases

2. In Western blotting, the purpose for adding milk is to: (A) Fill up holes on the membrane to prevent proteins from leaking through (B) To help antibodies bind to the proteins they recognize (C) To maintain pH value (D) To minimize non-specific binding of antibodies

3. You are wondering whether the expression of the gene you are studying is regulated by miRNAs. Which of the following experiments is least likely to help you determine if miRNAs are involved? (A) Look for sequences in the UTR regions that may complement miRNAs (B) Delete miRNA that may regulate your gene and examine expression level changes (C) Mutate potential miRNA binding sites to see if expression levels of gene changes (D) Use a phospho-specific antibody to examine protein expression levels

4. Which of these following elements is on an mRNA molecule? (A) Enhancers (B) 5'UTR (C) Promoters (D) Insulators

5. Which of the following methods is NOT used for gene-editing? (A) Targeted recombination by Cre-loxP (B) Homologous recombination (C) CRISPR-Cas9 (D) Sequence-specific zinc-finger nucleases

6. Which of the following methods is used to quantitate newly synthesized proteins? (A) Nuclear run-on assay (B) Pulse-labeling assay (C) Polysome profiling assay (D) Western blotting assay

7. Which of the following materials can be used to cause transient knockdown of a gene? (A) Small interfering RNA (siRNA) (B) MicroRNA (miRNA) (C) Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) (D) All of the above

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