28. Which of the following hormones termed the "flight-or-fight" hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?
(A)Epinephrine
(B)Oxytocin
(C)Insulin
(D)Glucagon
(E)Somatostatin

29. Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells in the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels? (A)Insulin (B)Glucagon (C)Estradiol (D)Epinephrine (E)Somatostatin

30. In liver cells, the expression of genes encoding gluconeogenic enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is induced in response to which of the following molecules? (A)cGMP (B)Insulin (C)ATP (D)cAMP (E)Cholesterol

31. Which of the following amino acids is required for conversion of inosine monophosphate (IMP) to adenylosuccinate en route to adenosine monophosphate (AMP)? (A)Aspartate (B)Glutamine (C)Glycine (D)Glutamate (E)Asparagine.

32. Which of the following descriptions about small noncoding regulatory RNAs is   RIGHT  ? (A)siRNAs are frequently used to knock-out specific protein levels (B)miRNAs are double stranded (C)miRNAs can cause translational repression, mRNA destabilization and mRNA degradation (D)All are right (E)All are wrong.

複選題33. Which of the following molecules is an intermediate in the catabolism of adenine and guanine? (A)Hypoxanthine (B)Xanthine (C)Uric acid (D)All are right (E)All are wrong.

34. In the urea cycle, which of the following enzymes is in the matrix of liver mitochondria to catalyze reactions? (A)Arginase (B)Argininosuccinate synthase (C)Argininosuccinate lyase (D)Carbamoyl phosphate synthase I (E)All of them.

35. A 36-year-old man is diagnosed with Arsenic poisoning, that inhibits which of the following enzymes of TCA cycle? (A)Citrate synthase (B)Malate dehydrogenase (C)Aconitase (D)a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (E)None of the above

36. During strenuous exercise, the most important reaction involved in the reoxidation of NADH is: (A)dihydroxyacetone phosphate → glycerol 3-phosphate (B)glucose 6-phosphate → fructose 6-phosphate (C)isocitrate → a-ketoglutarate (D)pyruvate→ lactate (E)None of the above

37. Which of the following statements about the TCA cycle is correct? (A)Oxygen is used to oxidize the acetyl group carbons of acetyl-CoA in the TCA cycle. (B)Three molecules of NADH and one molecule of FADH2 are produced in one turn of the TCA cycle. (C)Oxygen is not used in the TCA cycle, so the cycle can occur in anaerobic conditions. (D)The TCA cycle produces the water that is formed during the complete oxidation of glucose. (E)None of the above

38. In what form does the product of glycolysis enter the TCA cycle? (A)Pyruvate (B)Acetyl-CoA (C)NADH (D)Glucose (E)None of the above

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