29. O-linked oligosaccharides are commonly attached to the oxygen of_____.
(A) ribose
(B) tyrosine
(C) lysine
(D) threonine
(E) galactose

30. As temperatures grow colder with the onset of winter, animals will adapt by changing the fatty acid composition of cell membranes. What characteristics of fatty acids will be seen? (A) longer chains with greater unsaturation (B) longer chains with greater saturation (C) shorter chains with greater unsaturation (D) shorter chains with greater saturation (E) chain length and saturation do not change in a cell membrane

31. If the Asp in the chymotrypsin active site was mutated to another amino acid, which of the following would be considered an invisible mutation in that it is least likely to impact the function of the enzyme? (A) Asp→ Asn (B) Asp →Glu (C) Asp → His (D) Asp →Ser (E) Asp→  Lys

32. Which of the lipoproteins is responsible for removing cholesterol from cells? (A) chylomicron (B) VLDL (C) LDL (D) HDL (E) VHDL

33. How does insulin cause an increase in the rate of glucose transport into cells? (A) binds to the glucose transporter causing a conformational change resulting in greater transport velocity (B) activates Na/K ATPase to increase glucose active transport (C) recruits glucose transporters from intracellular vesicles to the cell membrane (D) activates an insulin-dependent porin that allows for rapid glucose transport (E) inhibits an insulin-dependent porin that allows for rapid glucose transport

34. Which of the following best explains the chain of events that occurs when glucagon binds to its receptor? (A) activation of protein kinase A, activation of G protein, activation of adenylate cyclase, production of cAMP (B) activation of adenylate cyclase, production of cAMP, activation of protein kinase A, activation of G protein (C) production of cAMP, activation of adenylate cyclase, activation of protein kinase A, activation of G protein (D) activation of G protein, activation of protein kinase A, activation of adenylate cyclase, production of cAMP (E) activation of G protein, activation of adenylate cyclase, production of cAMP, activation of protein kinase A

35. In which order are the following energy sources (either directly or through gluconeogenesis) depleted during starvation? (A) Dietary； adipose tissue； proteins； liver glycogen. (B) Adipose tissue； dietary； liver glycogen； proteins. (C) Dietary, liver glycogen； adipose tissue； proteins. (D) Liver glycogen； dietary； adipose tissue； proteins. (E) Proteins； liver glycogen； dietary； adipose tissue.

36. EcoRI recognizes the sequence 5'-↓AATTC-3' (the arrow indicates the point of cleavage). Treatment of the following oligonucleotide with EcoRI would produce two oligonucleotides with sizes of ______nucleotides containing ______ends. 5'-AAGTCGATACAGAATTCGTACCTAG-3' (A) 12 and 13； blunt (B) 12 and 8； blunt (C) 11 and 8； sticky (D) 12 and 13； sticky (E) 9 and 13； sticky

37. What reagents are required to perform PCR? (A) DNA fragment, primers flanking the region of interest, dNTPs, DNA polymerase (B) DNA fragment, primers flanking the region of interest, dNTPs, ddNTPs, DNA polymerase (C) DNA fragment, one primer, dNTPs, DNA Polymerase, DNA ligase (D) DNA fragment, one primer, dNTPs, DNA Polymerase, DNA endonuclease (E) DNA fragment, primers flanking the region of interest, dNTPs, DNA endonuclease

38. If the following mixture of proteins was applied to a size-exclusion chromatograpby column, what would be the order of elution? Proteins with molecular weights: myoglobin (17.7 kDa) , hemoglobin (64.5 kDa) , lysozyme (14.3 KDa) and triose phosphate isomerase (57.4 kDa) (A) lysozyme, myoglobin, triose phosphate isomerase, hemoglobin (B) triose phosphate isomerase, henoglobin, lysozyme, myoglobin (C) hemoglobin, myoglobin, lysozyme, triose phosphate isomerase (D) hemoglobin, triose phosphate isomerase, myoglobin, lysozyme (E) cannot be determined

39. A sudden increase in the concentration of_________causes the release of acetylcholine from   the axon of a nerve cell. (A) Na+ (B) K+ (C) Ca2+ (D) Cl- (E) H+

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