34. All glycerol-containing phospholipids are synthesized from?
(A) cardiolipin
(B) ceramide
(C) mevalonate
(D) phosphatidic acid

35. Fatty liver means (which) is accumulated in the liver? (A) Cholesterol (B) Phospholipids (C) Triacylglycerols (D) Sphingolipids

36. What is the advantage of adding SDS to gel electrophoresis? (A) SDS colors the proteins for visualization. (B) SDS reduces disulfide bonds. (C) SDS allows proteins to be separated on the basis of approximate mass. (D) None of the above.

37. What two properties of water are important for biological interactions: (A) the polarity of water (B) the density of water (C) the cohesive properties of water (D) A and C

38. "Footprinting" or DNase protection is a technique used to identify: (A) a region of DNA that has been damaged by mutation. (B) the position of a particular gene of a chromosome. (C) the position of internally double-stranded regions in a single-stranded DNA molecule. (D) the specific binding site of a repressor, polymerase, or other protein on the DNA.

39. Which of the following amino acid sequences could not be phosphorylated by a protein kinase? (A) Thr - Arg - Phe - Met (B) Gly - Thr - Leu - Ser (C) Asp - Pro - Cys - Tyr (D) Lys - Glu - Ala - Phe

40. Why is p53 considered a tumor suppressor? (A) Because it reduces the mutation rate of DNA polymerase (B) Because it causes progression from G1 to S phase to halt until damaged DNA is fully repaired (C) Because it stimulates transcription of Repair Polymerase (D) Because it repairs breaks in DNA

41. Which of the following statements about eukaryotic DNA is not correct? (A) The methylation of CpG islands can alter pattern of gene expression. (B) Eukaryotic DNA is wrapped around histones to form peroxisomes. (C) The eight histones in the core are arranged into a (H3)2(H4)2 tetramer and a pair of H2A-H2B dimers. (D) Regions adjacent to genes that are being actively transcribed are more sensitive to DNasel cleavage than are other sites in the genome, suggesting that the control of gene expression requires chromatin remodeling.

42. If you want to design an experimental strategy for switching off the expression of a specific mRNA without changing the gene encoding the protein or the gene's control elements, what will you do? (A) Add proteinase K to remove elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). (B) Design an RT-PCR experiment for mRNAs. (C) Design an antisense RNA molecular with complementary sequence. (D) Use ribonuclease to remove mRNAs.

43. The fluidity of the lipid side chains in the interior of a bilayer is generally increased by: (A) a decrease in temperature. (B) an increase in fatty acyl chain length. (C) an increase in the number of double bonds in fatty acids. (D) the binding of water to the fatty acyl side chains.

44. Isoelectric focusing separates proteins on the basis of (A) charge density. (B) size. (C) SDS binding. (D) isoelectric point.

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