38. In the passage, the word “vivid” most nearly means _____.
(A) vibrant and striking
(B) legally protected
(C) commercially stable
(D) technically advanced

39. Why does the author mention the youth urban subculture and street culture? (A) To argue that Adidas had no connection to street culture. (B) To show one important way the brand’s meaning changed after the Soviet collapse. (C) To prove that all tracksuited youths were criminals. (D) To suggest that sportswear disappeared from public life.

40. Which statement best reflects the author’s view? (A) Adidas remained important in Russia because it represented several meanings at once. (B) Adidas mattered only during the 1980 Olympics. (C) The Russian interest in Adidas was entirely ironic from the beginning. (D) The brand’s significance came solely from official Soviet approval. 

41. What is the main finding of the study discussed in the passage? (A) Sitting for long periods always leads to dementia. (B) All sedentary activities have the same effect on brain health. (C) Physical activity has no impact on dementia risk. (D) Mentally passive activities increase dementia risk, while active ones may reduce it.

42. Which of the following is an example of a mentally active sedentary behavior? (A) Watching television. (B) Listening to music passively. (C) Reading a book. (D) Sitting quietly without doing anything.

43. According to the study, what happens if one hour of passive sedentary time is replaced with active sedentary behavior? (A) Dementia risk increases by 7%. (B) Dementia risk decreases by about 7%. (C) There is no change in dementia risk. (D) Dementia risk decreases by 11%.

44. Why might mentally passive activities lead to a higher risk of dementia? (A) They do not sufficiently stimulate neural connections. (B) They require too much brain activity. (C) They improve blood flow to the brain. (D) They increase social interaction.

45. What additional benefit is associated with combining mentally active behavior with physical activity? (A) It eliminates the risk of dementia entirely. (B) It reduces dementia risk more than either alone. (C) It has no measurable effect. (D) It only improves physical health, not brain health. 

46. According to the proposed pedagogical model, what is the primary factor determining which variety of English a learner should be exposed to? (A) The learner's geographical location and local dialect. (B) The learner's current level of linguistic proficiency. (C) The specific professional field the learner intends to enter. (D) The personal preference of the teacher regarding British or American English.

47. Which of the following best describes the shift in learning objectives mentioned in the second paragraph? (A) A move from focusing on grammatical accuracy to a focus on phonetic perfection. (B) A transition from understanding non-native accents to mastering a single native variety. (C) An increased emphasis on identifying and correcting minor syntactic errors. (D) A shift from aiming for native-speaker mimicry toward achieving communicative competence.

48. In the context of evaluation, how is "success" measured under this new pedagogical suggestion? (A) By the student's effectiveness in completing a communicative task. (B) By the absence of phonological and lexical errors. (C) By the student’s ability to avoid using low-frequency words. (D) By the student’s ability to sound like a native speaker of British English.

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