5. The bond angles φ and ψ of the short peptide in the picture above are most likely located in the area of Ramachandran plot as below

(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(D) IV
(E) I and III

6. Compare the following sequences taken from four different proteins, and select the answer that best characterizes their relationships. 1 PDWLKDNDYLLHGHRPPMPFFRACFKSIFRIHTETGNIWTHLLGFVLFLF 2 PDWLKDNDYLLHGHRPPMPSFRACFKSIFRIHTETGNIWTHLLGFVLFLF 3 PDWLKDNDYLLHGHRPPMPSFRACFKSIFRIHTETGNIWTHLLGFVLFLF 4 PEYMKDNEYILN-YYRADWSIRDAFFSVFSFHNESLNVWTHLIGFIFFVA (A) Protein 3 reveals the greatest evolutionary divergence. (B) Comparing proteins 1 and 2 reveals that these two proteins have diverged the most throughout evolution. (C) Protein 4 is the protein that shows the greatest overall homology to protein 1. (D) Proteins 1 and 4 show a greater evolutionary distance than proteins 1 and 2. (E) The portions of amino acid sequence shown suggest that these proteins are completely unrelated.

7. Which of the following statements about the folding of polypeptides is false? (A) Burial of hydrophobic amino acid R groups to exclude water (B) Alpha helices and beta sheet generally are usually found in different structural layers. (C) Polypeptide segment adjacent to each other in the primary sequence are always far away to each other in the folded structure. (D) Connections between elements of secondary structure do not form knots in most times. (E) Left handed connection between beta strands is very rare.

8. Two heme-binding proteins (myoglobin and hemoglobin), A and B, can bind oxygen. Which of the following statement is correct?. (6, fraction) (A) The plot below describes the behavior of A when it binds oxygen under different pH (B) The plot below describes the behavior of B when it binds oxygen under different pH (C) The plot below describes the behavior of both A and B when they bind oxygen under different pH (D) The curves can't describes the behavior of A or B (E) Hemoglobin does not bind oxygen at pH 7.4

9. The molecule in the right figure is a (A) two glucose linked by β1-4 linkage, part of cellulose (B) two glucose linked by β1-4 linkage, part of amylose (C) two glucose linked by α1-4 linkage, part of amylose (D) two glucose linked by α1-4 linkage, part of sucrose (E) two glucose linked by β1-4 linkage, part of heparan

10. The reaction A + B→C has a ΔG°of -20 kJ/mol at 25°C. Starting under standard conditions, one can predict that: (A) at equilibrium, the concentration of B will exceed the concentration of A. (B) at equilibrium, the concentration of C will be less than the concentration of A. (C) at equilibrium, the concentration of C will be much greater than the concentration of A or B. (D) C will rapidly break down to A + B. (E) when A and B are mixed, the reaction will proceed rapidly toward formation of C.

11. When a muscle is stimulated to contract aerobically, less lactic acid is formed than when it contracts anaerobically because: (A) glycolysis does not occur to significant extent under aerobic conditions. (B) muscle is metabolically less active under aerobic than anaerobic conditions. (C) the lactic acid generated is rapidly incorporated into lipids under aerobic conditions. (D) under aerobic conditions in muscle, the major energy-yielding pathway is the pentose phosphate pathway, which does not produce lactate. (E) under aerobic conditions, most of the pyruvate generated as a result of glycolysis is oxidized by the citric acid cycle rather than reduced to lactate.

12. Gluconeogenesis must use "bypass reactions" to circumvent three reactions in the glycolytic pathway that are highly exergonic and essentially irreversible. Reactions carried out by which three of the enzymes listed must be bypassed in the gluconeogenic pathway? 1) Hexokinase 2) Phosphoglycerate kinase 3) Phosphofructokinase-1 4) Pyruvate kinase 5) Triosephosphate isomerase (A) 1, 2, 3 (B) 1, 2, 4 (C) 1, 4, 5 (D) 1, 3, 4 (E) 2, 3, 4

13. Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. If malonate is added to a mitochondrial preparation that is oxidizing pyruvate as a substrate, which of the following compounds would you expect to decrease in concentration? (A) Citrate (B) Fumarate (C) Isocitrate (D) Pyruvate (E) Succinate

14. The coenzyme required for all transaminations is derived from: (A) niacin. (B) pyridoxine (vitamin B6). (C) riboflavin. (D) thiamine. (E) vitamin .

15. During oxidative phosphorylation, the proton motive force that is generated by electron transport is used to: (A) create a pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane. (B) generate the substrates (ADP and Pi) for the ATP synthase. (C) induce a conformational change in the ATP synthase. (D) oxidize NADH to . (E) reduce O₂ to H₂O.

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