6. What chemical force does atomic force microscopy operate upon?
(A) Hydrogen bond
(B) Ionic force
(C) Covalent bond
(D) van der Waals
(E) magnetic force

35. What chemical force does atomic force microscopy operate upon? (A) Hydrogen bond (B) Ionic force (C) Covalent bond (D) van der Waals (E) magnetic force

7. GPI stands for glycosylphosphatidylinositol that anchors a protein to a membrane. Which of the following is correct? (A) A GPI anchor is added when a protein is in the cytoplasm. (B) A GPI anchor is added when a protein is in the ER. (C) A GPI anchor is added when a protein is in the endosome. (D) A GPI anchor is added when a protein is in the Golgi apparatus. (E) A GPI anchor is added when a protein is in the plasma membrane.

8. What is the oxidation status of the carbon in methane? (A) -5 (B) -4 (C) -3 (D) -2 (E) -1

複選題9. Which of the following reaction is it that is mediated by pyridoxal phosphate (Vitamin B6)? (A) Phosphorylation (B) Isomerization (C) Racemization (D) Glycosylation (E) Lipidation

10. Which of the following membrane lipid is it that serves as a eat-me signal in an apoptotic cell? (A) Phosphatidylinositol (B) Phosphatidylethanolamine (C) Phosphatidylserine (D) Phosphatidylcholine (E) Sphingosine-1-phosphate

11. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides? (A) Glycine, aspartate, and glutamine serve as nitrogen sources for the purine ring. (B) The concentration of 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate is the major factor regulating the rate of de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis. (C) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is caused by a defect in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, an enzyme involved in purine salvage. (D) AMP and GMP inhibit hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, which converts hypoxanthine and guanine into IMP and GMP. (E) All of the above are correct.

12. Which of the following is the correct nomenclature name for the unsaturated fatty acid shown below? (A) ω6, C20:5 (B) ω3, C20:5 (C) ω6, C20:6 (D) ω3, C20:6 (E) ω5, C20:5

13. Prostanoids are synthesized by (A) Pentose phosphate pathway (B) β-oxidation pathway (C) Lipoxygenase pathway (D) Cyclooxygenase pathway (E) All of the above are wrong

14. Which of the following compounds is not a ketone body? (A) Glycolic acid (B) Acetoacetate (C) D-3-Hydroxybutyrate (D) Acetone (E) All of the above are correct.

15. When fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms are oxidized via the β-oxidation pathway, which compound will propionyl-CoA be converted into? (A) Acetyl-CoA (B) Acetoacetyl-CoA (C) Succinyl-CoA (D) Malonyl-CoA (E) All of the above are wrong

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